10 PM Daily Current Affairs Quiz | May 25 2021

• Statement 1 is incorrect: The Convention was signed at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit. It is a legally binding treaty dedicated to promoting sustainable development.

• Objectives:

• conservation of biological diversity,
• sustainable use of the components of biological diversity
• fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.

• Statement 2 is correct: It is a legally binding treaty.

Source of the MCQ: Article

• Released by: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
• Purpose: The report takes stock of measures taken to fulfil the aims of Aichi Target 11. Aichi Target 11 called for protecting 17% of Earth’s land and 10% of its marine environments by 2020.
• Key Findings:

• Increase in Protected Areas and other effective area-based conservation measures(OECM): As many as 82% of countries and territories register an increase in the share of protected areas and OECM since 2010.
• Since 2010, protected areas covering almost a million square kilometers have been added to the global network. This area is greater than the land area of the Russian Federation.

• Over the 10-year period, the greatest growth in protected areas and OECMs has been in marine and coastal areas. Around 68% of the current network’s area is less than 10 years old.

Read more: Protected Planet Report

• Statement 1 is correct: The Act prescribes a maximum punishment of life imprisonment or the death penalty. The Act provides a mandatory minimum punishment of three years.

• Statement 2 is correct: POCSO is gender neutral, meaning that crimes of this nature committed against children will be handled by this act regardless of the gender of the child.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: Usually, in criminal cases, the burden of proof lies on the prosecution, and the guilt must be proved beyond reasonable doubt. Under POCSO, however, there is a presumption that a person who is prosecuted for an offence has actually committed the offence, unless the contrary is proved (Section 29). Instead of “innocent until proven guilty”, the court assumes that the accused is guilty once the prosecution lays the foundation of the case.

Source of the MCQ: Article

• It is a platform that provides space for interface between Voluntary organisations/NGOs and key Government Ministries / Departments / Government Bodies, to start with.

• Later it is proposed to cover all Central Ministries / Departments / Government Bodies.

• This is a free facility offered by the NITI Aayog in association with National Informatics Centre to bring about greater partnership between government & voluntary sector and foster better transparency, efficiency and accountability.
• The NGO-DARPAN started out as an initiative of the Prime Minister’s Office, to create and promote a healthy partnership between VOs/NGOs and the Government of India.
• The Portal is managed at present by NITI Aayog

Source of the MCQ: Article

• Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome (CSAAS) is a syndrome proposed by Roland C. Summit in 1983 to describe how he believed sexually abused children responded to ongoing sexual abuse. He said children “learn to accept the situation and to survive. There is no way out, no place to run

Source of the MCQ: Article

• The Kyasanur Forest disease is caused by a Kyasanur Forest disease virus. The disease primarily affects humans and monkeys.

• India: The disease was first identified in the Kyasanur forest of Shimoga district in Karnataka during an investigation of monkey mortalities in 1957.
• Symptoms: The disease is characterized by chills, frontal headache, body ache, and high fever for five to 12 days with a case fatality rate of 3 to 5%.
• Transmission:

• Rodents, shrews, and monkeys are common hosts for KFDV after being bitten by an infected tick.
• Transmission to humans may occur after a tick bite or contact with an infected animal, most importantly a sick or recently dead monkey.

• Diagnosis: Diagnosis can be made in the early stage of illness by molecular detection by PCR or virus isolation from blood.
• Treatment: There is no specific treatment for KFD. A vaccine (Formalin inactivated KFDV vaccine) does exist for KFD and is used in endemic areas of India.
• Recently, a new point-of-care test has been developed for the rapid diagnosis of Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD).

Read more: Kyasanur Forest disease

• Please refer this link for a detailed representation of all these seas on a map.

Source: Article

• Statement 1 is correct: While, the MRP for urea is controlled/fixed by the government, it is decontrolled for other fertilizers including DAP, MOP, etc.

• The maximum retail price (MRP) of urea is currently fixed at Rs 5,378 per tonne or Rs 242 for a 45-kg bag. Since companies have to sell at this controlled rate (fixed MRP), the subsidy is variable. It means subsidy depends upon the market price or costing of Urea. Government has to pay the difference between controlled price and market price.
• In other fertilizers, the government only gives a fixed per-tonne subsidy. This means the subsidy is fixed, while the MRPs are variable. Thus, MRP of Decontrolled fertilizers is way above urea MRP and attract lower subsidy. For some of the non-urea fertilizers, government launched nutrient-based subsidy or NBS scheme.

• Statement 2 is incorrect: The fertilizer is high in phosphorus (P) that stimulates root establishment and development. It contains 46% P and 18% nitrogen (N).
• Statement 3 is correct: Without DAP, the plants cannot grow to their normal size or will take too long to mature.

Source of the MCQ: Article 

Recently Commerce Ministry released the data on the FDI (Foreign Direct Investment Inflow) in India for the Financial Year 2020-21.

Key highlights of the data:

• India has received an FDI of $81.72 billion during the financial year 2020-21. This is 10% higher than $74.39 billion received in 2019-20.

• The Largest Source of FDI: Singapore remained the largest source of FDI in India for the third consecutive year with a share of 29%. It was followed by the US with a 23% share and Mauritius with 9%.
• Saudi Arabia is the top investor in terms of percentage increase during FY21. It invested $2.8 billion in comparison to US$ 89.93 million reported in 2019-20.
• States: Gujarat was the top recipient of FDI among states with a 37% share of total FDI equity inflows. It was followed by Maharashtra and Karnataka with 27% and 13%.
• Sectors: Computer software and hardware emerged as the top sector in FY21 with around 44% of the total FDI equity inflow. It was followed by construction and infrastructure-related activities at 13% and services sector with 8%.

Source: The Hindu

• The Rome Declaration was adopted at the Global Health Summit 2021.
• Principles: The declaration is made up of 16 mutually agreed principles. These principles aim at guiding joint action to prevent future health crises and to build a safer, fairer and more equitable and sustainable world.

Key Features of the Rome Declaration:

• Support and enhance the existing multilateral health architecture.
• Promote the multilateral trading system and global supply chains related to Health emergencies,
• Enable equitable, affordable, timely global access to high-quality, safe, effective prevention, detection and response tools.

Read more: Rome Declaration