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Mains Questions Bank and answers for UPSC
Under this initiative, we are providing the subject wise list of questions asked under the Mains Marathon initiative. We are in the process of further developing this initiative. Very soon, we will be adding many more questions to it.
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- History, Art and culture
- GEOGRAPHY
- SOCIETY
- POLITY
- GOVERNANCE
- SOCIAL ISSUES
- INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
- ECONOMY
- Agriculture
- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- BIO DIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
- SECURITY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT
- ETHICS
Describe the social life of the later Vedic people. How was it different from the Rig Vedic life?
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Compare features of Indus Valley civilisation with Mesopotamian civilisation.
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Discuss the significance of the Vaikom satyagraha and the self respect movement in the modern indian history.
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Discuss various methods adopted and contribution made by moderates in Indian freedom struggle.
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Discuss causes and effects of de-industrialisation in India during British period.
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Examine the major factors that shaped the British land-revenue policy in India. How did it affect Indian society?
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Discuss the commercialization of agriculture in India during colonial rule. Discuss various consequences of agricultural commercialization.
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“India faces the dual whammy of droughts and floods.” In light of this discuss the importance of river inter-linking in India.
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“Ocean resources in Indian Ocean can boost India’s economic and social progress.” Comment.
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What are various issues faced by sugar industries in india? Suggest some measures.
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Interlinking of rivers is a double edged sword. Critically analyse.
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Discuss how empowering women would help in population growth control?
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“Regional languages have become the official languages of the States”. In light of this critically analyse the issue of having a common official language at national level.
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“There has to be a focus on human capital formation and demographic dividend in order to achieve $5 trillion economic objective.” Discuss.
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“Idea of treating Hindi as the national language runs contrary to the spirit of the Constitution and our country’s linguistic diversity”. Comment.
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Discuss prospects of enforcing a uniform civil code in India. Do you think it will endanger diversity of India?
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“Uniform Civil Code is essential to promote national harmony.” Critically analyse.
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Discuss the impact of migration on urban demography. What should be done to tackle urban migration phenomenon?
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“India’s culture of toxic masculinity is incompatible with democracy and exacerbates social conflict.” Comment.
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What do you understand by the term ‘Idea of India’? Do you think recent action of Government of India in Jammu and Kashmir is against Idea of India?
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“Population control efforts need a focus on behavioural change at the societal level.” Comment.
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“Although development of tolerance is the first step for unity in India, what required is a positive celebration of cultural differences in India.” Comment.
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Discuss various reasons and impact of internal and external migration in India.
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“Gender justice in India is in poor state with poor woman suffering the most.” Discuss.
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What is de-globalisation? Discuss it’s impact on India.
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“A policy of population control should focus on choice rather than restrictions.” Discuss.
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What is secularism? Discuss how Indian concept of secularism is broader than western concept?
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Smart Cities Mission that aimed at providing better cities and infrastructure has failed to do so”. Comment.
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“It is estimated that in just 30 years from now, half of India will be living in cities”. In the context of threat of water crisis, how can we ensure the next generations water security to next generations? Suggest some best eco-management practices to ensure water security.
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In India, investing in the laggard States will ensure population control. Discuss in the light of recently, released UN’s World Population Prospects. Suggest some measures to control population in India
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Discuss the changing nature of families in India. What are the main reasons behind it?
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Examine whether simultaneous elections are better than frequent elections? Discuss the various challenges for conducting simultaneous elections in India are. Answers “Collegium system is deeply flawed, and is in need of urgent remedy”. Comment. Answers “India does not allow dual citizenship to its citizens, but Indian citizens carry dual identities”. Examine. Answers Discuss the role of auditor general in Indian Parliamentary democracy. Analyse whether India needs a Parliament Budget Office for more parliamentary efficiency? Answers Discuss the role of CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General) as an anti-corruption body. Answers “Local governments still remain hamstrung and ineffective after decades of 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments.” Discuss. Answers Discuss whether the judicial activism has undermined or strengthened Parliamentary Democracy in India? Answers Discuss the need and importance of legislative councils in Indian states. Answers Discuss the significance of Supreme Court judgement in K.S. Puttaswamy case. What steps Indian government should take to protect the privacy of Indian citizens? Answers What are various conditions for imposition of President rule in a state? Analyse the significance of S.R. Bommai judgement in this context. Answers Why Indian Constitution is called as a ‘borrowed document’? Do you think it is a copy of constitution of various countries? Answers Discuss the impact of abrogation of Article 370 in India. Do you think it will help India to resolve Kashmir dispute? Answers Discuss various reasons of creating Union Territories in India. How Union Territories are different from states in India? Answers “Tenth Schedule of the Indian Constitution has failed to prevent defections.” Analyse. Answers What do you understand by asymmetric federalism? Discuss the importance of asymmetric federalism in India Answers What is Judicial activism? Critically analyse the role of judicial activism in Indian democracy. Answers Discuss the role of speaker of Lok of sabha in ensuring Parliamentary democracy in India. Answers Discuss the role and importance of parliamentary committees in a democracy like India. Answers What do you understand by Parliament sovereignty? How Indian constitution check parliament sovereignty? Answers Critically examine the success of anti-defection law in India. Highlight its relevance in multiparty parliamentary system. Answers “Parliamentary elections in India have increasingly been influenced by State-level political variables beyond the performance of the ruling parties and the Opposition at the Centre”. In light of this critically discuss the feasibility of holding simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies in India. Answers What are powers and sources of LG of Puducherry? Compare powers of LG of Puducherry with the powers of LG Delhi. Answers Critically examine Caste based Reservation system in India. Discuss the way forward. Answers
“For development of the nation, it is critical for institutions of national importance to work independently and without any political interference”. Comment Answers “Subsidies as a tool for short term political gains, not only put extra burden on public exchequer but is also an undemocratic mean to influence peoples.” Comment. Answers “Right to Internet access and digital literacy should be recognised as a right in itself.” Discuss in the light of digital inequalities in India. Answers How media play a crucial role in connecting governments and citizens in a democracy. Do you think this role is being under threat in recent time? Answers “The regional media in India is vulnerable to administrative excesses, political pressure and corruption.” Comment. Answers “While digital connectivity and literacy have increased over time, these have not adequately translated into digital knowledge of public affairs.” In light of this discuss the need of a public information portal. Answers Discuss the role and mandate of Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) in addressing corruption. Critically examine its effectiveness. Answers “Transparency must be accompanied by accountability, and that is where the RTI act has great value and significance.” Comment. Answers “Aadhaar linkage to social media is a double edged sword.” Discuss. Answers “Linking Aadhaar to social media is an infringement on privacy of individual and can be damaging to democracy.” Comment. Answers What is Citizen Charter? Discuss it’s purpose and effectiveness in India? Answers “Probe agencies should be given more freedom without diluting the controls already in place.” Comment. Answers “The major challenge faced by civil servants is to maintain their integrity and efficiency while serving in a system that deals with power play and corruption.” Comment. Answers “Modern socio-economic conditions require states to take care not only of people’s material welfare but also their identities.” Discuss. Answers “Populist tendencies are threat to democratic institutions and unity of the nation”. Comment. Answers “Indian citizens hold relatively low trust in the civil services and bureaucracy.” Discuss various reasons behind this. Suggest some measures to enhance bureaucratic efficiency in India. Answers Discuss importance of public opinion and pressure groups in a democracy. How it can help in ensuring good governance? Answers “Populism has replaced liberalism in 21st century.” In light of this discuss the consequences of populism and how countries should approach it? Answers Discuss the need and consequences of National register for citizen in Assam. How government should approach further with it? Answers “National Register of Citizens though well intentioned, has many problems; majority of which are borne by the poorest”. Comment. Examine the need of National Register of Citizens. Answers “Policy discussions involving the public as well as tech solutions, would help fight fake news.” Comment. Answers “With democratic governance slipping into ineffectual log-jams, India needs to strengthen institutions between the public and the government.” Comment. Answers “Modern times need modern methods.” In light of this discuss the need of modernisation of police force in India. Answers Discuss how proposed code of conduct for legislative bodies can help make our democratic institutions more efficient and productive? Answers “Grass root governance is key for Environment conservation and sustainable development.” Critically examine. Answers “Dirty rivers in India reflect the failure of society and governance at local and national level.” Comment. Answers “Right to online privacy of an individual and the right of the State to detect people who use the web to spread panic and commit crimes are contradictory in itself.” Comment. Answers Discuss the impact of slow Judiciary and delayed justice on Indian economic growth. Give some solutions. Answers “Problem in India is not the absence of law but it’s effective implementation.” Discuss. Answers What do you understand by the term competitive sub-federalism? Discuss its significance. Answers “The Witness Protection Scheme need more elaborate and stricter laws.” Comment. Answers “Indian investigation agencies need modernisation and more autonomy to increase their efficacy.” Comment. Answers “In the era of growing social media tentacles across the globe, scrutiny of the facts and data is need of the hour.” Discuss. Answers Discuss various provisions of dams safety bill, 2019. Discuss its importance and various issues related to it. Answers What is e-governance? Examine importance of e-governance in growing age of digitisation. Answers Discuss the recent amendments made to RTI Act? Over the last 14 years, how far has the RTI Act served the purposes for which it was introduced? Answers “Increasing the number of courts as a recourse to deal with the mounting backlog is a short term solution which cannot remove systemic issues in Judiciary”. Comment. Answers “Fight against social evils like mob lynching and honour killings demands state’s and community efforts.” Comment. Answers What do you understand by the term Social Audit? Discuss the importance of social audit in India. Answers “Motor Vehicle Bill, 2019 will make Indian roads safer for travellers.” Comment. Answers “The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019 try to balance altruistic and commercial interests.” Examine. Answers Discuss salient features of RTI Act, 2005. What are various issues and loopholes in RTI act? Answers “RTI has been able to strengthen the movement for transparency and accountability in India”. Discuss. Answers “In the era of fake news and propagandas, a robust and unbiased media is must to ensure democracy in India”. Critically analyse. Answers “India has begun to feature prominently on a growing list of countries marked by hate crime, including hate speech in electoral campaigns”. Critically examine. Discuss various consequences of hate crimes. Also, suggest some measures to stop hate crimes. Answers What is section 124A of IPC? Do you think it should be scrapped from India’s law book? Answers What do you understand by democratic education? Discuss various advantages of democratic education. Answers Delhi government recently flouted a gender based public transport fare subsidy programme. Critically analyse the subsidy program and its issues. Answers
“The democratic state is obliged to provide citizens with the basic preconditions for the exercise of freedom of health, education, sustainable living wage, food and a decent standard of life.” In light of above statement, discuss the success of India as a democratic state. Answers What are various reasons for poor state of legal justice in India? Give some solutions to make justice system more efficient. Answers Discuss the relevance of Poshan abhiyaan for India’s health security. How India can tackle its malnutrition problem? Answers “Political influence and lack of critical debate has led to inefficient education system in India.” Comment. Answers What is social impact assessment (SIA)? Discuss its need and significance. Answers “The Supreme Court’s decision in Navtej Johar v. Union of India has laid the ground for stronger equality recognition.” Comment. Answers Discuss the importance of 73rd amendment act in women empowerment in India. Answers “We need to shift focus from a hospital-oriented, techno-centric health care model to make healthcare services better.” Discuss. Answers “Access to affordable, quality health care is still a dream in many pockets in India.” Discuss Answers Discuss what is Aspirational District Programme? How it would improve socio-economic status of the weaker section? Answers “In the time of consumerism and changing social ethos policy focus on education need new approach.” Examine. Answers Critically analyse the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 2019. Do you think it is a threat to fundamental freedoms enshrined in Indian Constitution? Answers “Inspite of surplus food production, millions of Indian citizens die to due to hunger.” Comment. Answers What are various challenges and issues faced by medical education in India? In light of this critically examine the provisions of National Medical Bill, 2019. Answers Discuss how poverty is a threat to stable and peaceful Indian society? Answers “Inspite of various efforts and policies, Tuberculosis is still a big problem in India.” Discuss various reason for this. Give some solutions to prevent Tuberculosis. Answers “Quackery although increase accessibility to health services in India, but is a big danger to the health of poor.” Discuss. Answers Discuss various provisions of RTE act. Why it has failed to reform education system in India. Answers “Various legislations in india has failed to stop the rampant sexual abuse of children.” In light of this discuss the issue of child sex abuse in India. What should be done to prevent such crime? Answers “Instead of getting rational treatment in public health-care facilities, the women are pushed towards irrational treatments in the private sector.” Comment. Answers “National medical bill although has many advantages but it may lead to other consequences.” Comment. Answers “India’s asymmetric federalism has helped in keeping nation as one addressing need of many vulnerable communities.” Discuss. Answers “Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill 2019 is critical to provide social and economic justice to transgenders in Indian democracy”. Examine. Answers “The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 is crucial to the rights of millions of tribals and other forest dwellers in different parts of our country.” Comment. Answers “Government policies has failed to arrest malaise of female foeticide in India. Comment. Answers What is hate crime? Discuss various causes and measures to stop hate crimes in India. Answers What is gender budgeting? How it can help in women empowerment in India? Answers “Medical Commission Bill, 2019 seeks to ensure transparency and better medical standards.” Discuss. Answers Discuss the role and function of National Commission for Minorities in India. Do you think it needs more power to ensure social justice to Indian Minorities? Answers “The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Bill, 2019 is a much needed step for women empowerment.” Discuss. Answers “Government’s efforts and legal frameworks to prevent sexual harassment against women has not been much successful.” Discuss. Answers Discuss salient features of National education policy. How does it ensure better learning and critical thinking? Answers “AIDS is one of the biggest challenge for health policymakers all over the world including India”. Discuss. What should be done to reduce incidence of AIDS in India. Answers “Although Indian constitution provide a lot of provisions for the safeguard of socially weaker sections of the society, India still needs a social revolution to end discrimination and to socially uplift them”. Comment. Discuss various provisions in the Indian constitution for socially weaker sections. Answered “Judicial review is an essential aspect of the a constitutional democracy especially India”. Critically examine. Discuss its importance in keeping executive in check. Answered “The National Education Policy (NEP) recommends a restructuring of school years and the curriculum, in a wide-ranging manner but it lacks the critical components of education i.e. critical thinking and deeper understanding”. Critically analyse.Give some measures to improve education system in India. Answers A new study suggests that nutrition and health counselling delivered under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme is one of the best possible investments that can be made by any government. Discuss how nutrition counselling can solve malnutrition problem in India. Provide some other measures to prevent malnutrition in children. Answers “While most of the developed world has penalised marital rape, surprisingly, there is no law to protect married women against marital rape in India”. Critically analyse the need of law against marital rape in India. Discuss various challenges while legislating such a law. Answers In the light of recent “Food and Nutrition Security Analysis, 2019” report, critically discuss the problem of malnutrition in India. What should be done to address this problem? Answers India face shortage of doctors especially in rural areas. In this context self care can be a solution. What is self care? Discuss self care in context of Indian population and healthcare issues. Answers 103rd amendment act strives to provide the social justice. Critically comment. Answers Give a critical evaluation of ayushman bharat. How it can do wonders if implemented effectively? Answers
“Entry into Nuclear Suppliers Group is India’s legitimate right.” In light of this discuss the need and importance of entry of India into NSG. Answers “India’s next stage of growth requires a second growth engine of exports to Asian markets.” In the light of this critically examine whether India should join RCEP or not? Answers “The developing situation and conditions in Yemen could cast a shadow over Indian interests in the region.” Comment. Answers Discuss the role played by Indian diaspora in India’s growth story and diplomatic efforts. Answers Discuss the Impact of sanctions on Iran by USA on Indian trade and ties with Iran. Answers “India should work on an ‘Act Far East’ policy for its strategic and economic interests in Indo-Pacific region.” Comment. Answers Discuss the growing importance of Eurasia for India’s changing geopolitics. How India can boost its presence in Eurasia? Answers “Russia’s far-east region is economically and strategically important for India to counter China in the region.” Comment. Answers Why many countries are turning table against globalisation? How it will impact India? Answers Discuss the role and relevance of UNSC in 21st century. Why UNSC need various reforms? Answers “Despite of differences at various levels, India-China relations are critical to realise Asian century.” Discuss. Answers Track the recent developments in India-US relations. What are various issues in India-US relations? Answers “India-Africa relation and trade is crucial for India to achieve $5 trillion economic goal”. Discuss. Answers Discuss various goals and function of UNAIDS. Why world needs a coordinated effort to prevent AIDS? Answers Discuss the impact of US-China rivalry on India. How India should approach the two countries? Answers “The ugly path of unilateralism and protectionism has affected the growth and stability of the world”. Comment. Answers Discuss the issue of permanent membership to UNSC. Highlight its importance for India. Answers “In the upcoming years, a host of geopolitical and economic issues need to be reconciled”. In this context how India’s foreign policy should be modelled in the upcoming years? Discuss how India should balance its interest among various nations? Answered “U.S.-Iran relations have reached a new low which can lead to serious economic consequences in the region”. Comment. Discuss the impact of US-Iran tussle on India. Answers Discuss India-Africa trade ties. Analyse impact of African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on India-Africa trade. Answers Do you think G20 summits have lost its significance? Critically analyse. Answers “No first use nuclear policy has helped India to establish itself as a responsible nuclear nation.” In light of this discuss whether India should change its nuclear policy or not? Answers “No first use policy of India is based upon the idea of minimum deterrence and non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.” In light of this discuss the need of revisit to India’s No first use policy. Answers
Examine whether current economic slowdown is a structural or cyclical in nature. Give some solutions to move economy out of doldrums. Answers “A focus on rural development is must to achieve the $5 trillion economic target. Discuss. Answers “India’s Research and Development (R&D) activities has achieved far less than it’s potential”. Discuss various reasons for it. Suggest some measures to boost India’s R&D outcomes. Answers Do you think the recent merger of banks in india is good for all the stakeholders? Substantiate. Answers Discuss the challenges faced by India to evolve as global manufacturing hub like China. Suggest some measures. Answers Discuss progress made so far in ‘Make in India’ program by India. What are various challenges to ‘Make in India’ initiative? Answers “Medical devices industry in India should focus on indigenous manufacturing, innovation, research and development.” Discuss. Answers Discuss the mandate of WTO in resolving trade disputes. Do you think WTO is successful in this mandate of trade dispute resolution? Answers “India’s record in promoting occupational and industrial safety remains weak even with years of robust economic growth.” Discuss. Answers Discuss how China-USA trade rivalry is not good for global economic growth especially India’s growth? Answers “The correlation between size and efficiency cannot be fully established.” In light of this critically analyse the outcome of Merger of banks. Answers Discuss India’s three-stage nuclear power programme. What are various challenges in 3 stage nuclear power program? Answers Discuss India’s three-stage nuclear power programme. What are various challenges in 3 stage nuclear power program? Answers Critically analyse the repercussions of India-Pakistan face-off on bilateral trade between both nations. Answers Discuss various land reforms in India? How they lead to agricultural efficiency and social equity? Answers “By speeding up the connectivity revolution, developing India could become a developed nation.” Comment. Answers “Merging of banks would nudge India towards a $5-trillion economy but carry significant risks.” Comment. Answers “The inability of the WTO to rein in global trade tensions has raised questions about its relevance in today’s world.” Examine. Answers Critically analyse the progress made in resolving stressed assets since the enactment of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC). Answers Discuss the potential of inland water transportation in India. How it can help in improving logistic sector? Answers What are development banks? Critically examine the need of development banks in India to achieve $5 trillion dollar target. Answers “Auto-industries in India are facing negative growth from a long time” Discuss various reasons for it and give some solutions. Answers “Various Coastal states need to play an important role in overall development of ports and inland waterways for sustainable development.” Discuss. Answers Discuss the issue of unemployment in India. What India should do check rising unemployment? Answers “The nationalisation of banks was an economic milestone in the India’s growth story.” Critically analyse. Answers Discuss e-commerce regulation in India. Do you think India should revisit its e-commerce policy? Answers What are various challenges faced by business units in India. How India can ensure better business environment in India? Answers “Despite of various reforms since independence, India has not been able to achieve a sustained desired economic growth.” Discuss. Answers “Focus on fiscal deficit alone; as an economic management tool is not full proof.” Discuss. Answers “India is facing the dual challenge of ensuring energy security and combating water crisis.” Comment. Answers “The public and private bank’s inability to extend more credit for major infrastructure projects to debt ridden states, will jeopardise India’s social and economic goals.” Comment. Answers “India need to follow East Asian model of growth if it has to achieve the $5-trillion economy status by 2024-25”. Discuss. Answers What do you understand by disinvestment? Critically examine the policy of disinvestment in India. Answers “A transition to electric vehicle transportation demand major efforts by the government but also need extra efforts of Indian automobile industry”. Discuss. What should be done to fast track the adoption of electric vehicles? Answers “Trend of ‘jobless growth’ that was till recently confined largely, to the organised sector has now spread to other sectors of the economy”. Discuss in the context of latest Periodic Labour Force Survey (2017-18). What should be done to ensure inclusive growth? Answers “The consolidated codes on labour laws to simplify and consolidate labour rules and laws is need of the hour”. Comment. Discuss the need of labour reforms in India. Answers Enlist 10- points ‘Vision for the Decade’ flagged in Budget 2019-20. How it will help in developing a New India? Answers Discuss the major problems faced by MSMEs in India. What are the measures presented in budget 2019-20 for MSME sector? Answers India is targeting to become a $5 trillion economy by 2025, but the past experience of jobless growth is a headache for Indian intelligentsia. In light of this, discuss various causes of jobless growth in India in past. Give some measures to create job opportunities in India. Answers Tourism industry has been a part of India’s growth story in last decade, but still have not reached full potential. Discuss. Also suggest some measures to boost tourism in India. Answers What is inheritance tax? Do you think it is need of the hour in India? Discuss various pros and cons of inheritance tax. Answers Examine the issue of skewed gender ratio at workplaces in India. What measures will ensure better gender ratio? Answers
What do you understand by the term ‘Agroecology’. How Agroecology is a better alternative to other climate smart agriculture models? Answers “Agriculture crisis in India is a result bad policies and lack of market linkages.” Comment. Answers “Farm sector is stuck in a situation of low income trap from a long time.” Discuss. Answers What are the supply chain constraints of India’s food processing sector? What steps have should be taken to remove these constraints? Answers “Doubling income of Indian farmers is a distant goal unless markets reforms are not achieved.” Discuss. Answers “Floating farms can help in achieving sustainable agriculture and economic growth.” Comment. Answers Discuss how farm ponds can benefit Indian farmers and agriculture sector? Discuss methods to resolve agricultural issues in India. Answers “Without factoring in agriculture, the vision of a $5-trillion economy will remain a distant dream”. Discuss. Answers “Contact farming can solve India’s agricultural and food security issues”. Comment. Discuss Model Contract Farming Act, 2018 in this context. Answers Faulty public distribution system in many states have denied food to many poor people”. In light of this discuss various issues in public distribution system. Give some solutions to improve PDS. Answers While Centre aims to double farmers’ income by 2022, a NABARD survey shows high levels of inter-State income inequality among agricultural households. In light of this discuss various issues faced by farmers in India. Suggest some measures to resolve these issues. Answers What is Zero Budget Natural Farming? Considering India’s food needs, examine the need of it at a national level? Discuss various challenges. Answers What is Cellular Agriculture? Discuss various advantages and and disadvantages of Cellular Agriculture. How it can ensure food security? Answers
Examine how Biotechnology sector can emerge as engine of economic growth and societal change? Answers Discuss hazards and risks associated with space debris. Analyse the significance of Project NETRA launched by ISRO. Answers Discuss the harmful impact of e-cigarettes. Do you think it is right to completely ban the e-cigarettes in India? Answers Discuss India’s achievements in the field of Space Science and Technology. How the application of this technology has helped India in its socio-economic development? Answers What are trans-fats? Why they are dangerous for human consumption? Answers What are biomarkers? Discuss its potential applications. Answers What do you understand by intellectual property rights? Discuss how India should manage intellectual property rights issues in India? Answers What is India’s deep ocean mission. How it is significant for Indian economy? Answers “Although there are various advantages of centralising and consolidating data, but it has serious associated risks and consequences?” Discuss. Answers What is difference between 5G and 4G technology? Discuss importance of 5G technology for India? Answers What is Lagrange point? Discuss objectives and importance of ISRO’S Aditya-L1 mission. Answers What is deep learning? Discuss its potential applications. Answers “While recent launch of Chandrayaan-2 showcased ISRO’s capabilities, India should now move on to create a public-private ecosystem in space capabilities.” Discuss. Answers Explain the mechanism behind Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS). Discuss various health risks associated with it. Answers The Automated Facial Recognition System (AFRS) recently proposed by the Ministry of Home Affairs can have disastrous consequences”. Critically analyses. Answers By imposing a blanket ban on cryptocurrencies India may miss out on one of the biggest technology revolutions since the Internet.” Discuss. Answers “The potential applications of Artificial Intelligence in public health are enormous.” Discuss. How it can solve our country’s health problems? Answers What are cyber-ethics? Discuss its relevance in modern times. Answers “Desalination technology is not an esoteric idea. However, it only has a limited application, given the operation cost”. Discuss. What is desalination? Can desalination help India with its water crisis situation? Answers “Antibiotic resistance is a slowly developing epidemic of 21st century”. Comment. Discuss various causes of antibiotic resistant. Suggest some measures. Answers “5g could be one of the most important development in human history”. Comment. Explain various challenges involved in adopting the 5g technology. Answers India has contributed tremendously in space exploration. Do you think India should expand private players role in its space industry? Critically analyse. Answers What is Somatic cell nuclear transfer? Explain its technology and enlist various potential application of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer technology. Answers Crypto-currencies are expanding its tentacles. Discuss it’s concerns. Answers
What are main principles of Environment Impact Assessment? Discuss the significance of Environment Impact assessment in various development projects. Answers “India has the potential to show the pathway to the world on accelerating action on climate change while pursuing its development interests.” Evaluate the statement in context of potential of India to emerge as a global leader in climate change efforts. Answers “There has been large-scale encroachment and illegal constructions going on around Coastal Regulatory Zones.” Discuss it’s consequences and impact. Answers In light of rapid climate change discuss various efforts made by India to prevent climate change. Answers “Climate Change talks and summits are not sufficient to tackle the menace of global warming.” Comment. Answers “With looming water crisis situation, government need to promote traditional methods of water conservation.” Discuss. Answers Discuss the need and effectiveness of a carbon tax is in tackling global warming. Do you think measures like carbon tax are regressive in nature? Answers “Restoration of degraded lands, would also address water scarcity issue.” Comment. Answers Discuss the need and Impact of banning single-use plastic in India. What are various government initiatives against menace of plastic in India? Answers “The recent, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report on ‘Climate Change and Land’ highlight that unless land is managed in a sustainable manner, it will be difficult for humanity to prevent climate change.” Discuss. Answers “Using cleaner fuels such as LPG is essential to reduce rural air pollution and improve health.” In light of this discuss what can policymakers do to achieve exclusive use of clean fuels in rural India? Answers “Climate change is a serious threat to India’s energy ambitions and requirements.” Comment. Answers What are Microplastics? How it pose a danger to entire humanity and other organisms? Answers Discuss the role of states in tackling climate change. How India should shape it’s economic policies in light of impact of climate change? Answers “Coastal zone management is important for India’s sustainable growth and development.” Comment Answers “Rising pressure on cities and rising air pollution demand sustainable transport facilities in urban areas.” Discuss. Answers “Bharat Stage VI (BS-VI) mass emission standards will benefit India technologically and environmentally. Discuss. Answers “Inspite of various laws and regulations, India has made little progress in managing its plastic waste”. Critically comment. Also discuss various provisions under “The Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016”. Answers What is Green Budgeting? Do you think that it can help in tackling the problem of climate change? Answers India is facing a situation of water crisis in coming times. In context of environmental challenges and increasing population of India, discuss the situation. How India should manage the developing crisis situation? Answers
“World is facing an unprecedented threat from intolerance, violent extremism and terrorism, exacerbating conflicts and destabilising entire regions”. Discuss how India should tackle the growing threat of extremism and terrorism in the region? Answers “Haphazard developmental projects often lead to disasters.” Discuss in the light of recent disaster caused by Narmada flooding. Answers Discuss the problem of cross border drug business in India? How it is threat to Indian security? Answers “India being the country the most vulnerable to climate change, must prioritise Disaster management plans.” Comment. Answers Critically analyse the role and effectiveness of FATF (Financial Action Task Force) in combating the financing of terrorism. Answers “Creation of a Chief defence of services although can solve many issues but may lead to unintended issues.” Discuss. Answers “A post of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) would resolve many security problems and challenges in India.” Analyse. Answers Why extremism is a big problem for India? Discuss potential solutions to tackle extremism in India. Answers “Increasing drug menace across northern states in India need strict laws and coordination among various states.” Comment. Answers Discuss the 7 targets of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030). How Sendai framework envision to achieve these targets? Answers Discuss the issue and various causes of urban floods in India. Give some measures to prevent urban flooding in India. Answers
Examine how conscience of an individual guide his/her behaviour. How conscience of crisis should be dealt by a public servant? Answers Do you think policy of punishment and penalties can be effective in changing wrong behavior of an individual? Discuss in context of recent rise in penalties on traffic violations. Answers In light of John Austin positive theory of law, discuss how Law in its essential nature differs from moral and religious principles. Answers What do you understand by conscience? How conscience help an individual in resolving moral dilemma? Answers What do you understand by the term trusteeship? Discuss Mahatma Gandhi’s views on principle of trusteeship. Answers Write about major teachings of Swami Vivekananda. Do you think Ideas of Swami Vivekananda are still relevant? Answers What do you understand by ethical dilemma? How an administrator should deal with the situations of ethical dilemma? Answers What do you understand by integrity? Why integrity is important for civil servants? Answers “Illegal organ trade is not only unethical but is a serious crime against humanity and society as a whole.” Comment. Answers What do you understand by emotional intelligence? Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence in leadership. Answers Distinguish between attitude and behaviour. How attitude of an individual influence its behaviour? Answers Budget 2019-20 announced a Gandhipedia to sensitise society. Discuss seven sins of Gandhi and it’s relevance to sensitise the society. Answers What is research ethics? Discuss the principles of research ethics. Answers