Explanations – 1 and 3 are correctly matched. 

• Bio-scaffolds: Bio-scaffolds are structures used in tissue engineering to support the growth of new tissues. They are typically made from biomaterials and are designed to mimic the extracellular matrix of natural tissues. These scaffolds provide a framework for cells to attach, grow, and form new tissue. They are often porous to allow for nutrient and waste exchange and can be biodegradable, breaking down as the new tissue forms. 

• Bio-banking: Bio-banking refers to the process of collecting, storing, and managing biological samples, such as blood, tissue, or DNA, for use in research and medicine. These samples are preserved for future studies to understand diseases, develop new treatments, and improve healthcare outcomes. Bio-banks play a crucial role in biomedical research by providing high-quality biological materials. 

• Biomarkers: Biomarkers are biological indicators used to measure and evaluate physiological or pathological processes or responses to a treatment. They can be molecules, genes, or characteristics that indicate a particular disease state or condition. Biomarkers are essential in diagnosing diseases, predicting disease progression, and monitoring treatment responses. 

• Bio-manufacturing: Bio-manufacturing involves using biological systems, such as microorganisms or cell cultures, to produce commercially valuable products. This field combines biotechnology and manufacturing processes to create products like pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and food ingredients. Bio-manufacturing is essential for producing complex biological products that cannot be synthesized chemically. 

Source: The Hindu