Exp) Option d is the correct answer

The State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India. This judgement led to the first amendment of the Constitution of India. The Supreme court held that Directive Principles of State Policy have to conform to and run as subsidiary to the Chapter of Fundamental Rights. The Supreme Court ruled that in case of any conflict between the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles, the former would prevail. But, it also held that the Fundamental Rights could be amended by the Parliament by enacting constitutional amendment acts.

Later in the Minerva Mills case (1980), the Supreme Court also held that ‘the Indian Constitution is founded on the bedrock of the balance between the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles.