Underline the significance of the first constitutional amendment.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Route 1 June 1951 amendment → first use of amending power to protect socio-economic reform from FR
Route 2 triggered by early adverse rulings → reservation, speech, land reform all under strain
response to Champakam / Romesh Thappar / land-reform litigation → Art 15(4): affirmative action & social engineering → Art 19(2)/19(6): wider reasonable restrictions → Art 31A/31B + Ninth Schedule: shield land-reform laws → opens Parliament–judiciary contest
Ninth Schedule immunity not absolute → I.R. Coelho subjects post-Kesavananda laws to basic structure review
Route 1 significance = template for amendment-driven socio-economic justice
Route 2 significance = origin of the long rights-vs-reform, Parliament-vs-court contest
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
