PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Indian Constitution
Right to privacy is an intrinsic part of the right to life.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 no textual basis → Court reads privacy into Article 21 R2 Brandeis "right to be left alone" → privacy as protection of life, autonomy, information
Body flow
recognition came slowly → M.P. Sharma / Kharak Singh deny or limit → Gobind links Articles 19 & 21 → Naz Foundation protects personal space → Puttaswamy (2017) nine-judge unanimous → AG's "common law right" plea rejected → held intrinsic to Article 21 → Alok Prasanna Kumar's core elements (autonomy, choice, control over information)
Counter-view
privacy as mere common-law right vs full constitutional right → state may still restrict, but only if lawful, necessary, proportionate
Conclusion routes
R1 privacy gives meaning to life and liberty routes kR2 recognition now settled, yet bounded by proportionality
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
