PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Indian Constitution
Mention the founding principles that define India’s Constitution.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 authority belongs to the people, not Crown/class/ruler → sovereignty is the base R2 Austin: "social document" → unity + democracy + social revolution as the frame
Body flow
popular sovereignty ("We, the People") → republic + democracy (adult franchise, responsible executive) → rule of law / Article 14 → Fundamental Rights (Part III → political democracy) → DPSP (Part IV → social-economic democracy) → secularism (Articles 25-30, S.R. Bommai) → federalism with strong Union → independent judiciary
Counter-view
Austin's social aim vs K.T. Shah — Constitution "almost entirely political and not at all social or economic"
Conclusion routes
R1 these principles fuse a plural society into one le democratic community R2 political democracy + social democracy together → peaceful social revolution
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
