PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Indian Constitution

Comment on the Right to constitutional remedies in India

How the answer moves

The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.

Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes

Route 1 Article 32 = direct SC access for FR enforcement → Ambedkar “soul / heart” → remedy itself made a Fundamental Right

Route 2 rights on paper vs enforceable rights → Article 32 converts declarations into claims

Body flow

writs as the operative strength (Habeas Corpus → Mandamus → Prohibition → Certiorari → Quo Warranto) → Article 226 wider High Court power → Bhagwati / PIL relaxes locus standi → access widens → Rohit De “people’s court”

Counter-view

delay, cost, restricted access weaken the remedy in practice → Baxi: narrowing access cuts its real value

Conclusion routes

Route 1 enforceability is what makes Part III real → Article 32 the operative core

Route 2 a remedy is only as strong as access to it → guard access to keep rights real

Model answer

Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.

Handwritten model answer — UPSC PSIR 2020, Indian Constitution