How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 fair allocation of benefits + burdens → Aristotle's classical form, distinct from corrective justice R2 not whether to distribute but on what basis → the criterion is the real question
Body flow
definition (honour / wealth / assets / offices) → Miller's three criteria: rights / desert / need → mapping: Hume-rights-hierarchy / Spencer- desert-market / Kropotkin-need-solidarity → Miller's synthesis (merit + welfare) → Rawls: primary goods → Difference Principle → least advantaged → social + natural lottery
Counter-view
single-criterion positions pull apart → market-desert (Spencer) vs need (Kropotkin) → neither market alone nor redistribution alone suffices
Conclusion routes
R1 distributive justice = combining desert with need, not choosing R2 modern theory (Miller, Rawls) leans to synthesis — efficiency with fairness for the worst-off
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
