How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 both are egalitarians → share the end, differ in route → substantive vs procedural R2 question separates two routes to equality → Ambedkar reshapes outcomes / Rawls designs a fair procedure and accepts its result
Body flow
Ambedkar: caste oppression + social humiliation → justice never merely formal → "simply another name for liberty, equality, fraternity" → must become material facts → political equality vs economic inequality threatens democracy → substantive, group-conscious remedy (reservations, labour rights, land redistribution, state action) → Rawls: fair starting point → original position + veil of ignorance → identity-blind, unanimous choice → whatever chosen is just → equal liberties + fair opportunity + Difference Principle → inequality only if it helps the least advantaged
Counter-view
contrast must be qualified → Rawls’ procedure is already egalitarian → Difference Principle can itself justify reservations / welfare → so divergence is route, not goal → Ambedkar = direct, group-based caste correction / Rawls = identity-blind least-advantaged standard → identity-blindness may miss a birth-fixed hierarchy
Conclusion routes
2 R1 shared egalitarian aim, different routes (group correction vs fair procedure) R2 Indian Constitution (justice, liberty, equality, fraternity) resonates most with Ambedkar's egalitarian justice
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
