PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Caste, Religion & Ethnicity

Caste remains a vital axis for political mobilisation in India. How would the caste census address the aspirations of people? Discuss.

How the answer moves

The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.

Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes

Route 1 caste no longer ritual hierarchy a secular resource for bargaining (Kothari: politicisation of caste)

Route 2 reservation / representation / welfare rest on caste location caste = axis of mobilisation

Body flow

the census extends this logic credible data for aspirations Mandal Commission: OBC share 52% vs 36–65% estimates replaces guesswork Rohini Commission: uneven OBC benefit sub-categorisation protects EBCs from dominant segments exposes upper-caste over-representation evidence-based welfare / education / employment being counted = recognition + dignity (Bihar survey)

Counter-view

fear of sharpened caste competition benefits captured by better-placed groups must balance social justice with constitutional equality

Conclusion routes

Route 1 arithmetic must become responsiveness, not fresh division

Route 2 recognition deepens democracy only if it serves justice over division

Model answer

Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.

Handwritten model answer — UPSC PSIR 2025, Caste, Religion & Ethnicity