Critically examine the Globalisation in the past 25 years from the perspectives of the Western world.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Route 1 West authored globalisation, defended as universal good → 25 years turn confidence into unease
Route 2 West as architect and chief gainer → yet by 2017 its loudest sceptic → arc of promotion to backlash
champions’ faith: O’Neill (world better, MDG poverty halved 2015) + Bhagwati (In Defence, trickle-down to poor states) → doubt from within: Stiglitz (Discontents, neo-liberal assumptions distort gains, spread unevenly) → 2008 crash sharpens the shift → backlash at home: Mehta (Western stagnation, anti-immigrant sentiment, ethnic chauvinism, xenophobia; West among losers) → policy turn: moderate, not discard → Brexit, America First, new protectionism, resist Doha
the establishment’s success story of shared gains (O’Neill, Bhagwati) set against the West’s own middle-class stagnation and protectionist recoil
Route 1 globalisation a double-edged sword for the West → demand is reform, not reversal → humane Globalisation 4.0
Route 2 West seeks not the end of globalisation but a moderated, inclusive version → openness balanced against protection
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
Also asked on this head
Globalisation — 10 questions in the Vault.
- Global South-sensitive model of globalization would prevent the danger emanating from overcentralized clobalization. Discuss.
- “Deglobalisation is displacing globalisation.” Comment.
- Critically examine the impact of Globalisation on the developing countries of the world.
How this is taught
The same flow snapshot, built for every head of the syllabus, with the answer written in class.
The first session of Foundation 2027 is published in full.
Six programmes across three levels.