PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · Globalisation
Critically examine the Globalisation in the past 25 years from the perspectives of the Western world.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 West authored globalisation, defended as universal good → 25 years turn confidence into unease West as architect and chief gainer → yet by 2017 its loudest sceptic → arc of promotion to backlash
Body flow
champions' faith: O'Neill (world better, MDG poverty halved 2015) + Bhagwati (In Defence, trickle-down to poor states) → doubt from within: Stiglitz (Discontents, neo-liberal assumptions distort gains, spread unevenly) → 2008 crash sharpens the shift → backlash at home: Mehta (Western stagnation, anti-immigrant sentiment, ethnic chauvinism, xenophobia; West among losers) → policy turn: moderate, not discard → Brexit, America First, new protectionism, resist Doha
Counter-view
the establishment's success story of shared gains (O'Neill, Bhagwati) set against the West's own middle-class stagnation and protectionist recoil
Conclusion routes
R1 globalisation a double-edged sword for the West → demand is reform, not reversal → humane Globalisation 4.0 West seeks not the end of globalisation but a moderated, inclusive version → openness balanced against protection
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
