PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · Globalisation
Critically examine the impact of Globalisation on the developing countries of the world.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 globalisation reshapes developing world (economic/social/cultural) → record two-sided → opportunity bundled with dependency + inequality verdict neither rejection nor celebration → stake the line: the case is for reform
Body flow
gains real: markets opened, exports + FDI up, growth (China, India), tech transfer → Bhagwati (In Defence of Globalization): tool against poverty → China 36% → 6%, Vietnam middle-income → social gains (health, education, exchange) → but gains unevenly captured → North = 23% of people, 85% of income → Stiglitz: rich-poor gap widens, advanced nations reap disproportionate rewards → dependency school (Frank, Wallerstein): drain periphery → core = development of underdevelopment; Southern elites tied to MNCs → IMF/WTO reliance narrows sovereignty, invites external shocks → cultural imperialism + environmental degradation + labour exploitation → Roy: “mutant variety of colonialism"
Counter-view
against dependency pessimism — benefits real but conditional → Sen: gains need infrastructure + governance → Stiglitz: fix democratic deficit in IMF/WTO
Conclusion routes
R1 opportunity real, but present terms deepen dependency + inequality → reform, not rejection, for inclusive growth R1 double-edged process → the need is the right balance of openness and regulation
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
