PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · Globalisation
What are the main challenges faced by the developing countries in the era of globalisation?
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
G@ globalisation promised integration → but redistributed economic power → developed nations dominant → challenges = unequal terms of entry R1 South enters late and weak → openness on others' terms → dependency, not partnership
Body flow
economics first → skewed balance of trade (imports > exports) → job losses despite higher productivity → village/small-scale industry crushed by MNC technology → poverty + income gaps → Wallerstein: drain periphery → core = development of underdevelopment → dependence on developed nations + IMF/WTO (favour industrialised) → sovereignty eroded, external shocks → cultural erosion + environmental degradation + labour exploitation
Counter-view
Sen and Bhagwati → right mix of openness, regulation, infrastructure, governance → developing countries can gain
Conclusion routes
R1 not globalisation but its present terms → vulnerable states need regulation + equitable distribution → exposure into benefit R1 challenge is Management, not rejection → strategic planning turns integration from trap into opportunity
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
