PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · Globalisation
“Deglobalisation is displacing globalisation.” Comment.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
G9 advance never smooth → hyper-globalisation (1990-2008) → 2008 crisis + trade wars + single-partner dependence → "slowbalisation" → displacement or rebalancing? developed world's three phases: promotion → scepticism → deglobalisation → stake the line: erosion, not replacement
Body flow
case for displacement (Brexit, America First, Ukraine, supply-chain, energy, falling FDI) → drivers: pandemic + ideology + green transition → resilience/reshoring → institutions strained (WTO/NATO under populism; WHO + UN failures; AUKUS 2021 split) → Varshney: retreat /erosion feeding Trump, Boris Johnson → pivot: retreat = replacement → Mehta: Pincer movement → mutation into Glocalisation → Nayyar: "economics global, politics national /local" + needs a hegemon (US decline vs China rise)
Counter-view
Baldwin et al.: trade won't reverse → goods trade stagnant but e-services expand → "derisking;’ not collapse
Conclusion routes
balance between globalising & deglobalising forces, not displacement R1 Rodrik's "thinner model" → globalisation thins and reforms, not displaced
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
