PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · Globalisation

“Deglobalisation is displacing globalisation.” Comment.

How the answer moves

The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.

Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes

Route 1 advance never smooth → hyper-globalisation (1990–2008) → 2008 crisis + trade wars + single-partner dependence → “slowbalisation” → displacement or rebalancing?

Route 2 developed world’s three phases: promotion → scepticism → deglobalisation → stake the line: erosion, not replacement

Body flow

case for displacement (Brexit, America First, Ukraine, supply-chain, energy, falling FDI) → drivers: pandemic + ideology + green transition → resilience/reshoring → institutions strained (WTO/NATO under populism; WHO + UN failures; AUKUS 2021 split) → Varshney: retreat/erosion feeding Trump, Boris Johnson → pivot: retreat ≠ replacement → Mehta: Pincer movement → mutation into Glocalisation → Nayyar: “economics global, politics national/local” + needs a hegemon (US decline vs China rise)

Counter-view

Baldwin et al.: trade won’t reverse → goods trade stagnant but e-services expand → “derisking,” not collapse

Conclusion routes

Route 1 balance between globalising & deglobalising forces, not displacement

Route 2 Rodrik’s “thinner model” → globalisation thins and reforms, not displaced

Model answer

Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.

Handwritten model answer — UPSC PSIR 2024, Globalisation