9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief – January 6th, 2024

Mains Oriented Articles

GS PAPER - 2

India’s space mission plan for 2024- Space research: Glory and beyond

Source: The post Post-Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2023 has been created, based on the article “Space research: Glory and beyond” published in “Business standard” on 6th January 2024.

Watch - Interview Preparation Strategy 2024 | Tackling DAF related Questions | by Ayush Sinha

 

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS paper2-Science and Technology- Space

News: The article discusses India’s advancements in space research, including its solar observatory Aditya-L1 and other missions planned for 2024. It explains the motives behind space exploration, highlighting nationalism, economic growth, technological development, and international prestige as key drivers.

What is India’s space mission plan for 2024?

Aditya-L1: Observing the solar atmosphere and contributing to the understanding of space weather from a unique vantage point at the Sun-Earth Lagrange point 1.

XPoSat: India’s first X-ray Polarimeter Satellite, dedicated to studying cosmic radiation and understanding high-energy processes in stellar and galactic systems.

Gaganyaan-1: Laying the groundwork for future manned spaceflights.

Mangalyaan-2: Orbiting Mars again to continue exploration and research.

NISAR (NASA-Isro Synthetic Aperture Radar): A collaboration with NASA for Earth observation, highlighting the importance of international partnerships.

Shukrayaan-1: Exploring Venus to expand knowledge of the solar system.

How does space research benefit India?

National Security and Prestige: Successful missions like Aditya-L1 not only enhance India’s global standing and national pride but also position it as a competitor in the global space race, traditionally dominated by powers like the U.S., Russia, and China.

Economic Growth: The Indian space economy, valued at $8.4 billion, is projected to expand to $44 billion by 2033. This growth is fueled by rising investments and a burgeoning number of space startups.

Technological Advancements: Missions necessitate technological advancements, specifically in the miniaturization of electronic components essential for spacecraft. These innovations extend to wider industries, significantly impacting the development of semiconductors and integrated circuits.

International Collaboration: Projects like NISAR with NASA show the growing importance and benefit of international partnerships in space exploration.

Start-up Ecosystem: A significant increase in space startups from 1 in 2014 to 189 in 2023, receiving investments worth $124.7 million, indicates a booming sector fueled by space research.

Question for practice:

Discuss how India’s 2024 space missions contribute to national security, economic growth, technology, and global partnerships.

Post-Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2023

Source: The post Post-Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2023 has been created, based on the article “Key concerns not addressed in new PG medical education regulations, say doctors” published in “The Hindu” on 6th January 2024.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS 2- governance- Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education.

News: The article discusses the Post-Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2023 in India, which have been criticized by doctors for not addressing work hours, mental health, and AI integration.

What is the Post-Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2023(PGMER-23)?

The National Medical Commission (NMC) introduced the PGMER-23 with the goal of producing skilled specialists and medical educators in line with changing healthcare demands. Published on January 1, 2024, these regulations aim to improve the quality of postgraduate medical education in India. They provide a comprehensive framework for the advancement of medical training at the postgraduate level.

Key Objectives: They include recognizing community health needs, mastering specialty competencies, staying updated with advancements, fostering research, teaching skills, and exemplary citizenship.

Qualifications and Duration of Courses: Lists broad-specialty, super-specialty, diploma, PDCC, PDF courses, D.M./M.Ch with their durations.

Establishment of Post-Graduate Medical Institutions: No institution can start any course without NMC permission and must align with Maintenance of Standards of Medical Education Regulations, 2023.

Minimum Standards of Requirements: Institutions must meet standards in infrastructure, faculty, clinical material, and facilities, adhering to periodic PGMSR-2023 updates.

What criticisms exist regarding the PGMER-23?

Long Working Hours: Doctors express dissatisfaction as the guidelines lack specific limits on working hours, only vaguely offering “reasonable time for rest.”

Mental Health: There is a notable absence of measures for mental health and burnout prevention.

Irregular Stipends: Doctors are concerned about the ongoing issue of irregular stipends not being addressed.

AI in Curriculum: The lack of guidelines for integrating Artificial Intelligence in the curriculum is a major concern.

Inclusivity Issues: The regulations offer a 5% reservation for doctors with disabilities but have been criticized for not incorporating the recommendations from “Doctors with Disabilities: Agents of Change.” Furthermore, the introduction of terms like ‘moderate’ dyslexia and the exclusion of mental illness and autism contradict existing laws and ignore Supreme Court directives (Vibhushita Sharma petition), indicating a lack of thorough inclusivity.

What is the view of the National Medical Commission (NMC)?

Groundbreaking Reforms: The NMC believes the regulations bring groundbreaking reforms to postgraduate medical education, enhancing quality and standards.

Inclusivity and Ethics: They emphasize the regulation’s focus on fostering inclusivity and ethical practice in the medical field.

Non-migration Policy: The NMC supports prohibiting student migration between institutions as a part of these reforms.

Alignment with Laws: They note that seat reservations will align with prevailing state and union territory laws.

Question for practice:

What are the key criticisms of the Post-Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2023 by the medical community in India?

On Lead Poisoning – ‘Lead exposure caused millions to lose health’

Source: This post on _ has been created based on the article “Lead exposure caused millions to lose health” published in “Times of India” on 6^th January 2024.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2 Social Justice – Issues relating to Health.

News: The article discusses the impact of toxic chemicals, particularly Lead, on children.

Why are children particularly vulnerable to such chemicals?

Children are much more sensitive to hazardous exposures than adults. This is because:

1. They are growing and developing: These development processes are very complex and operate in a strict time sequence. A toxic chemical like lead can disrupt those delicate processes.
2. Exposure of mother also supplements: Any chemical that gets into the body of an expectant mother also enters her baby and damages its tissues.

What is the impact of toxic chemical exposure on children?

A range of diseases may result due to toxic chemical exposure. These include:

1. If the child’s brain is impacted, there could be a loss of IQ and an increased risk of autism.
2. If a lung is damaged, there is a greater risk of asthma.
3. If a chemical disrupts the hormones or endocrine glands, it may lead to birth defects of reproductive organs.
4. Low exposure may also lead to shortening of attention spans and disruptions in behavior of children.

What are the sources of lead that have impacted people’s health?

In the 20th century, it began to be put into consumer products from paint to toys. This has now been abandoned.

In the mid-20th century, lead started being added to petrol in large quantities as a chemical called tetraethyl lead, intended to help automobile engines work better. This has now been phased out.

Other sources include batteries and battery recycling plants.

Note: Lead is a chemical element (atomic number 82). It is a heavy metal. It has been recognized as a toxic chemical.

What are other common toxic chemicals?

1. Pesticides such as Organophosphates cause brain damage in children exposed in the womb.
2. Weed-killers or herbicides such as Glyphosate is known to cause cancer.
3. Asbestos is also very toxic. It is used in building materials, roofing tiles, concrete asbestos pipes, etc. It is cheap, durable and resists heat and fire — but it’s also a powerful cause of cancer of the lungs, throat and ovaries.

Question for practice:

Toxic chemicals such as Lead are polluting the environment we live in, especially harming children. List the harmful effects. Why are children particularly vulnerable to such chemicals?

On Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) – Drug war

Source: This post on Antimicrobial Resistance has been created based on the article “Drug war” published in “The Hindu” on 6^th January 2024.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2 Social Justice – Issues relating to Health.

News: The article discusses the causes for the rise in Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR).

A detailed article on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) can be read here.

Background:

According to a study by the Health Ministry:

1. Over 70% of the patients in tertiary-care hospitals were prescribed antibiotics. Of this, over 50% of antibiotics prescribed have the potential to cause AMR.
2. 55% of the patients were prescribed antibiotics as prophylaxis, or as a preventive.

What according to the author is causing a rise in AMR?

According to the author, due to a rise in the prophylactic use of antibiotics (a prophylactic is a medication, or a treatment used to prevent a disease from occurring), antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming deadlier.

What is AMR?

AMR occurs when pathogens evolve, fortifying themselves against drugs, and stop responding to antimicrobial drugs. This crisis is increasing due to unsound medical, and animal husbandry practices.

According to WHO, bacterial AMR was directly responsible for 1.27 million global deaths in 2019 and contributed to 4.95 million deaths.

What are the implications of rising AMR?

According to the WHO, it invalidates the multiple gains that modern medicine has achieved over years in the following manner:

1. It makes infections harder to treat.
2. It also makes performing other medical procedures and treatments such as surgery, caesarean sections and cancer chemotherapy much riskier.

What steps should be taken?

1. Rational prescription of antibiotics.
2. Curbs on the use of drugs to promote growth in animals and plants.
3. Antibiotic research and development: urgent measures are required to develop new drug candidates.
4. Equitable access to these new drugs.
5. Role of doctors and the government: Their role in regulating use of drugs is crucial.
6. Role of Patients: They are impatient with the medical process, expecting immediate relief to ailments. This leads to unhealthy antibiotic usage.

Question for practice:

What is Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)? What are the various reasons behind a rise in AMR?

The need to examine the examination system

Source: This post has been created based on the article “The need to examine the examination system” published in “The Hindu” on 6^th January 2024.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2 Social Justice – Issues relating to Education.

News: The article discusses the issues with examination system in India. It also highlights the steps that should be taken in this regard.

What is the status of higher education examination systems in India?

India has more than 1,100 universities and 50,000 affiliated colleges including 700 autonomous colleges. This includes a total enrolment of 40.15 million students.

There are also 60 school boards for secondary and higher secondary levels of school education, certifying more than 15 million students every year.

These reflect the diversity of higher education examination systems in India.

What are the issues with examination system in India?

1. Focus on Memory and Rote Learning: An examination should test memory, application and critical thinking. However, there are complaints that the examination boards test only memory. Hence, students are only taught to memorize answers and score marks.
2. Narrow Objectives: Scoring marks and achieving a very high pass percentage have become the key objectives.
3. Quality Issues: There are question papers that have flaws such as language errors, errors in conceptualization, irrelevant questions and questions that do not test higher order learning.
4. Poor Mode of Assessment: The employability of a graduate depends on higher order learning; however, the examination boards do not assess students on those skills.
5. Creation of a Coaching Market: Since employers have their own rigorous assessment of a candidate’s academic achievements and suitability, it has created a coaching market for competitive examinations and skilling.
6. Advisories Not Followed: There are elaborate advisories on curriculum design, pedagogy, and examination systems from all the regulatory boards. In the absence of regular and effective oversight, these advisories are hardly followed by educational institutions.
7. Lack of Standardizations: The presence of the provision of autonomy of colleges gives the regulatory bodies no oversight authority over the autonomous colleges and their examinations.
8. Issues with Secrecy: Secrecy without proper checks and balances and audits leads to negative outcomes. There is secrecy involved in the whole examination process, from question paper setting to evaluation of answer scripts and mark sheet preparation. They are prone to malpractice.

What steps should be taken in this regard?

1. Proper Assessment: A good assessment system should be created.
2. Involvement of Professional Bodies: A greater involvement of professional bodies in curriculum design and teaching should help.
3. Maintaining Transparency: The credibility of assessment and standard of education can be ensured only through transparency in teaching and assessment. Transparency in accessing the evaluation process by students and grievance redressal measures should be in place.
4. Specifying Learning Outcomes: Minimum standards of learning outcomes should be specified.
5. Participatory Approach: Currently, the entire assessment process is in the teacher’s hands. Real time oversight with participative process of students’ assessment of teachers should make it better. This would lead to a system of checks and balances.
6. Use of Technology: The use of technology in assessment can enhance credibility. The setting of question papers and evaluation can be standardised.
7. External Audits of Assessment Systems: An external audit of assessment systems in universities and school boards is essential. Grading examination boards in terms of transparency, reliability and consistency should be a part of audit reports.

These steps will help university degrees and school board certificates to properly reflect the learning achievements of students.

Question for practice:

What are the issues with examination system in India? Mention the steps that should be undertaken to solve these issues.

GS PAPER - 3

Conservation efforts at India’s Corbett Tiger Reserve – Revival of the tiger: A joint effort, a cultural renaissance

Source: The post conservation efforts at India’s Corbett Tiger Reserve has been created, based on the article “Revival of the tiger: A joint effort, a cultural renaissance” published in “Indian express” on 6th January 2024.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS paper 3- ecology and environment- Conservation

News: The article highlights the successful conservation efforts at India’s Corbett Tiger Reserve, notably the increasing tiger population.

About Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR)

Jim Corbett National Park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park– the first national park in India. It was declared as a Tiger Reserve in 1973. It is the first to come under the Project Tiger initiative.

The CTR is situated in the Shivalik hills of the Himalayas while administratively it spreads over Pauri Garhwal, Nainital and Almora districts of Uttarakhand State in India.

It boasts the highest density of tigers globally, with 260 tigers recorded in 2022, up from 231 four years prior.

What are the reasons for the increase in tiger density in Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR)?

Digital and Intensive Patrolling: Adopting electronic-eye under project E-eye and increasing foot patrols to curb poaching and monitor wildlife movement.

Habitat Management: Meticulous management of grasslands and water resources, including the development of palatable grasses and waterholes, supports the prey base necessary for tigers.

Strategic Corridors: Establishment of wildlife corridors facilitates movement and reduces inbreeding, contributing to healthier tiger populations.

Community Initiatives: Introduction of the “Living with Tigers” initiative and beehive fencing project “Corbee Honey” to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts and promote community involvement in conservation.

Note: The “Living with Tigers” initiative is an awareness program in villages and schools around reserve, focusing on cultivating safe practices and behaviors amidst human-wildlife conflict scenarios.

Cultural Importance: The tiger’s role in India’s religious and mythological iconography has fueled a nationwide drive to conserve it. It led to increased public and political support for tiger conservation initiatives.

What are the challenges in the management of Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR)?

1. Human-Wildlife Conflict- The increasing number of tigers poses challenges in managing human-tiger conflicts and ensuring sufficient territory for each tiger.
2. The protection work is risky, often facing dangers from wild animals. Adequate field staff and ensuring their safety is a constant challenge.
3. Maintaining diverse ecosystems, including 27 types of grasslands and water sources for a robust prey base.
4. Ensuring animal movement and gene pool exchange through corridors is complicated by habitat fragmentation and increasing infrastructure like roads.
5. Balancing tiger conservation with the ecotourism and safety of local communities requires continuous effort and innovative projects like “Living with Tigers.”

What should be done?

1. Boost field staff numbers and safety measures for effective patrolling and incident management.
2. Continue to develop and maintain wildlife corridors and safe animal crossings to ensure healthy gene flow and reduce territorial disputes among tigers, as well as conflicts between tigers-elephants, and humans tigers.
3. Implement a grassroots strategy involving “willing cooperation” from villagers, as emphasized by Salim Ali.

Question for practice:

Examine the initiatives that have contributed to the successful conservation efforts at Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR) in India.

Prelims Oriented Articles (Factly)

PRITHvi VIgyan (PRITHVI) Scheme

Source– This post is based on the article “Cabinet approves overarching scheme “PRITHvi VIgyan (PRITHVI)” of the Ministry of Earth Sciences” published in “PIB” on 5th January 2024.

Why in the News?

The Union Cabinet has approved the “PRITHvi VIgyan (PRITHVI)” scheme. The scheme will be implemented from 2021-26 with a total cost of Rs. 4,797 crore.

What is PRITHvi VIgyan (PRITHVI) Scheme?

Aspect	Details
What is it?	It is a comprehensive scheme that will address all five components of the Earth system (atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere), enhancing the understanding of Earth System Sciences and delivering reliable services for the country.
Objectives	1. Enhancing and maintaining long-term observations of the atmosphere, ocean, geosphere, cryosphere, and solid earth to monitor essential indicators of Earth System dynamics and changes. 2. Creating modeling systems to comprehend and forecast weather, ocean conditions, and climate risks while studying the science behind climate change. 3. Exploring polar and high seas regions for the discovery of new phenomena and resources. 4. Developing technology for sustainable exploration and utilization of oceanic resources for societal applications. 5. Translation of knowledge and insights from Earth systems science into services for societal, environmental and economic benefit.
Nodal Ministry	Ministry of Earth Science
Implemented from	2021-26
Components	1. It will subsume five existing schemes of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) namely- a. ACROSS (Atmosphere & Climate Research-Modelling Observing Systems & Services) – It focuses on long-term observations and advanced modelling systems for weather and climate predictions b. O-SMART (Ocean Services, Modelling Application Resources and Technology) – It targets sustainable exploration and utilization of marine resources, utilizing cutting-edge technology c. PACER (Polar Science and Cryosphere Research) – It aims to explore the mysteries of the Earth’s poles and glacial regions, contributing to a deeper understanding of global climate changes d. SAGE (Seismology and Geosciences) – It strives to strengthen earthquake monitoring and research on the Earth’s solid components e. REACHOUT (Research, Education, Training, and Outreach) – It fosters talent development and ensures effective translation of research into services directly benefiting society

UPSC Syllabus- Science & Technology/ Schemes & Programmes

Navy thwarts hijacking attempt in Arabian Sea

Source- This post is based on the article “Navy thwarts hijacking attempt in Arabian Sea” published in “The Hindu” on 5th January 2024.

Why in the News?

Indian Navy Marine Commandos (MARCOS) successfully thwarted a hijacking attempt in the North Arabian Sea, ensuring the safe evacuation of all 21 crew members, including 15 Indians, from the merchant vessel Lila Norfolk.

What Occurred at the Merchant Vessel Lila Norfolk?

1) The bulk carrier Lila Norfolk reported boarding by five to six unknown armed persons off the coast of Eyl, Somalia, on the U.K. Maritime Trade Operations portal.

2) In response, the Indian Navy diverted the destroyer INS Chennai which was on anti-piracy patrol, and an Maritime Patrol Aircraft confirmed the crew’s safety during a morning overflight.

3) Indian Navy Marine Commandos onboard the deployed warship boarded the vessel and initiated the sanitization process.

Who are MARCOS?

1) The Marine Commandos, known as MARCOS and formally referred to as the Marine Commando Force (MCF), serve as the Indian Navy’s special forces unit, tasked with executing specialized operations.

2) Established in 1987, MARCOS exhibits versatility by proficiently operating across various environments, including sea, air, and land.

3) In the late 1980s, MARCOS carried out ‘Operation Pawan‘ in the Sri Lankan Civil War, playing a crucial role in restoring peace by capturing key LTTE-held territories.

Where is Somalia and What are its Features?

UPSC Syllabus- Geography and Places in News

High-frequency waves detected in the Martian Upper Atmosphere

Source- This post is based on the article “High-frequency waves detected in the Martian Upper Atmosphere could help understand plasma processes over Mars” published in “PIB” on 5th January 2024.

Why in the News?

Scientists have detected high-frequency plasma waves in the upper atmosphere of Mars, offering valuable insights into the plasma processes within the Martian environment.

What are Plasma waves?

1) Plasma waves are oscillations or fluctuations in the density of charged particles, such as electrons and ions, within a plasma.
Note- Plasma is a state of matter where gas particles become ionized, leading to a mix of positively charged ions and free electrons.

2) These charged particles can collectively form various types of waves.

3) Plasma waves can have different frequencies, including low-frequency waves (like ion acoustic waves) and high-frequency waves (like electron plasma waves).

What observation have been made by the Scientists?

1) Researchers investigated high-frequency plasma waves in the Martian plasma environment using high-resolution electric field data from NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN) spacecraft .

2) They observed two distinct wave modes with frequency below and above the electron plasma frequency in the Martian magnetosphere.

3) These waves, categorized as broadband or narrowband, exhibit distinctive features in the frequency domain.

4) Significance – Observations of such waves provide a tool to explore how electrons gain or dissipate energy in the Martian plasma environment.

Note- The planet Mars do not have any intrinsic magnetic field therefore the high-speed solar wind coming from the Sun interacts directly with the Mars atmosphere, like an obstacle in the flow.

What roles do plasma waves play on Earth?

1) Researchers frequently observe various plasma waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere, a magnetic field cavity around our planet.

2) These waves play a crucial role in energizing and transporting charged particles throughout the magnetosphere.

3) Certain plasma waves, like electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, act as a cleaning agent for the Earth’s radiation belt, which is hazardous to our satellites.

UPSC Syllabus- Science & Technology

Direct-to-mobile technology(D2M)

Source- This post is based on the article “Direct-to-mobile tech: DoT arm flags adoption hurdles” published in “Financial Express” on 3rd January 2024.

Why in the News?

The Telecommunication Engineering Centre (TEC) has identified challenges in implementing direct-to-mobile (D2M) technology which could allow streaming TV content directly to phones without an internet connection.

What is Direct-to-Mobile (D2M) technology?

1) Direct-to-Mobile (D2M) technology refers to the capability of delivering content, such as streaming television, directly to mobile devices without the need for an internet connection.

2) The technology is based on the convergence of broadband and broadcast using which mobile phones can receive terrestrial digital TV.

3) It would be similar to how people listen to FM radio on their phones where a receiver within the phone can tap into radio frequencies.

For more information on D2M technology Click here to read

What are the Key Challenges Identified by TEC?

1) Integration challenge– Integration of smartphones supporting D2M and Digital Terrestrial TV to Mobile Devices (DTT2M) technologies poses a major challenge.

2) Infrastructure requirements- Implementing D2M technologies like Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 also known as NextGen TV may require a new nationwide indoor network for quality services, adding complexity to the process.

3) Increased cost– Adoption of D2M technology could lead to higher cost for smartphone makers and consequently higher phone prices.

4) Ecosystem and Viability concern– Challenges include availability of a handset ecosystem, scalability of D2M technology, business viability and opportunities and spectrum requirements.

What are the Suggestions Given by TEC?

1) For D2M technology, it is essential to have a standard, compatible with current mobile handsets to ensure cost-effectiveness and capitalize on the existing ecosystem support.

2) The standard should facilitate offloading broadcasting traffic onto phones, enabling the design and manufacturing of smartphones capable of directly receiving broadcast signals.

UPSC Syllabus- Science & Technology

ISRO successfully tests Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell on PSLV-C58’s orbital platform POEM3

Source- This post is based on the article “ISRO successfully tests Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell on PSLV-C58’s orbital platform POEM3” published in “The Hindu” on 5th January 2024.

Why in the News?

ISRO successfully tested a 100 W Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Power System (FCPS) on the orbital platform POEM3, which was launched onboard PSLV-C58 on January 1, 2024.

What did ISRO Observe in the Conducted Experiment?

1) Objective- To evaluate the functioning of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel cells in space and gather data to support the design of systems for upcoming missions.

2) During a brief test on POEM, the system generated 180 W of power by utilizing hydrogen and oxygen gases stored in high-pressure vessels.

3) It offered extensive data on the performance of diverse static and dynamic systems within the power system, as well as the underlying physics involved.

4) Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity directly from hydrogen and oxygen gases, producing pure water and heat as byproducts. It is an electric generator which works on electrochemical principles, as in batteries, as against the combustion reactions employed in conventional generators.

5) Producing electricity directly from fuels makes fuel cells highly efficient, and being emission-free with only water as a byproduct further enhances their environmental benefits.

6) India is proposing to establish a space station by 2035, and the FCPS payload could potentially find applications in it.

What is Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell?

1) Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, also called proton exchange membrane fuel cells, use a proton-conducting polymer membrane as the electrolyte. Hydrogen is typically used as the fuel.

2) These cells operate at relatively low temperatures and can quickly vary their output to meet shifting power demands.

3) They are being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary and portable fuel-cell applications.

What is ISRO’s ‘POEM’ platform?

Click here to read

UPSC Syllabus- Science & Technology