9 PM UPSC Current Affairs Articles 29th August, 2024
Dear Friends,
9 PM Brief is our prime initiatives for the preparation of current affairs. What we are providing in this initiative:
- Ensure that all relevant facts, data, and arguments from today’s newspaper are readily available to you.
- We have widened the sources to provide you with content that is more than enough and adds value not just for GS but also for essay writing.
It is our endeavor to provide you with the best content, and your feedback is essential for the same. We will be anticipating your feedback and ensure the blog serves as an optimal medium of learning for all the aspirants.
For previous editions of 9 PM Brief – Click Here
For individual articles of 9 PM Brief– Click Here
Download Factly and 9 PM Weekly Compilations | Arranged Subject-wise and Topic-wise |
Mains Oriented Articles
GS PAPER - 2
India’s Potential Role in Russia-Ukraine Conflict Mediation
Source-This post on India’s Potential Role in Russia-Ukraine Conflict Mediation has been created based on the article “War and peace – India is not well-placed to broker a ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine” published in “The Hindu” on 29 August 2024.
UPSC Syllabus-GS Paper-2- Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Context- Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s recent diplomatic activities—including his visit to Kyiv, conversations with U.S. President Joe Biden and Russian President Vladimir Putin, and upcoming engagements at the UN meeting in September and the BRICS summit in Russia—have heightened expectations that India may play a more active role in mediating the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
What is India’s Current Position on Russia-Ukraine conflict?
1) India has been distancing itself from what External Affairs Minister referred to as “Europe’s war.”
2) Non-involvement in peace processes that don’t directly bring Russia and Ukraine to the negotiating table
3) Disassociation from the Swiss peace summit.
A detailed article on India-Ukraine relations can be read here.
What are the Obstacles to the Peace Process?
1) Competing Demands -The situation is complicated by the firm positions of both sides: President Zelenskyy demands a complete Russian withdrawal from Ukraine, while President Putin requires Ukraine to pull back from occupied regions and drop its NATO membership bid.
2) Persistent Power Struggles -Both sides are focused on military gains, as shown by Russia’s attacks on Ukraine before Modi’s Moscow visit and Ukraine’s operations in Kursk Oblast before his Kyiv visit. These actions highlight the ongoing power struggles and both sides’ commitment to their goals despite diplomatic pressure.
What should be approach for India?
1) Effective Conflict Mediation -India should approach conflict resolution carefully if it wants to join global efforts. Effective mediation has been rare and often involves clear goals, like the Black Sea Grain Initiative and recent prisoner exchanges. India needs to define its own principles for a ceasefire and lasting peace.
2) Learning from Historical Mediation Successes -The government may find it useful to look at India’s own history. In the 1950s, India Prime Minister mediated between Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev and Austria for the withdrawal of troops in exchange for Austria’s neutrality.
3) Overcoming Perceptions of Partiality –To effectively mediate the conflict, India should overcome perceptions of partiality towards Moscow.
Question for practice
What is India’s current stance on the Russia-Ukraine conflict? What challenges are hindering the peace process? What should be India’s strategy moving forward?
Conflict Between Allopathy and Ayurveda in India
Source-This post on Conflict Between Allopathy and Ayurveda in India has been created based on the article “Hold Ayurvedic therapy to the scrutiny of truth” published in “Live Mint” on 29 August 2024.
UPSC Syllabus-GS Paper-2- Issues relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health
Context– The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 triggered a conflict between allopathic and Ayurvedic medicine. Patanjali Ayurveda’s quick release of Coronil as a COVID-19 cure faced backlash from allopathic doctors. In 2022, the Indian Medical Association (IMA) sued Patanjali and its founder for criticizing allopathy. The Supreme Court intervened, requiring Patanjali to issue a public apology.
What are the interventions made by the Supreme Court?
1) Ban on Misleading Ads –The Supreme Court blocked a July 2023 notification from the Ayush Ministry that sought to lift India’s ban on misleading ads for Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani drugs, thereby reinforcing its commitment to protecting public health.
Read More- Perils of misleading advertisements
2) Court Reaffirms Enforcement of Rule 170 -The Court ruled that Rule 170 of the Drugs and Cosmetic Rules, 1945, which prohibits misleading advertisements about the therapeutic claims of traditional medicines, must remain enforced.
3) Reinstatement of Rule 170 -In August 2023, the Ayush Ministry told states and Union territories to ignore the ban on misleading ads. The Supreme Court ordered the ministry to retract this directive, but the ministry then issued a notice that omitted Rule 170. The Court then reinstated Rule 170 and requested an explanation from the ministry for its omission
What is the difference between Allopathy and Ayurveda system of medicines?
1) Allopathic drugs are rigorously tested for safety and effectiveness through clinical trials, while Ayurvedic products are regulated less strictly, focusing mainly on safety and adherence to traditional texts.
2) Allopathic medicines are held to high standards due to rigorous clinical trials, which enhances their credibility but can also make other products seem more credible. On the other hand, Ayurvedic medicines are regulated less strictly. While Ayurvedic practitioners can conduct their own trials, many herbal remedies still lack solid scientific evidence.
Way ahead- India should support traditional medicine and ensure people have the freedom to choose. To prevent misleading health claims, traditional treatments should be tested and their results publicly available. Hence, a strict advertising code for Ayurveda is necessary.
Question for practice
What is the difference between Allopathy and Ayurveda system of medicines?
Democratic Backlash in South Asia
Source: The post democratic backlash in South Asia has been created, based on the article “A silent democratic backlash in South Asia” published in “The Hindu” on 29th August 2024
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper2- polity
Context: The article discusses a “silent democratic backlash” in South Asia, comparing India and Pakistan. It explains how India, once a strong democracy, is now showing authoritarian tendencies, while in Pakistan, public protests challenge military influence in politics.
What is the Democratic Backlash in South Asia?
- Rise of Authoritarianism in India: Since 2014, India’s democratic structure has shifted towards authoritarianism, with the BJP promoting an “Opposition-free” democracy and centralizing power.
- Public Pushback in Pakistan: In Pakistan, despite a history of military influence, recent elections and public protests indicate a growing rejection of military-political collusion.
- Middle-Class Sentiments: Both India and Pakistan’s middle classes have historically supported authoritarian governance, but younger generations are increasingly critical.
- Digital Advocacy: Citizens in both countries are using digital platforms to demand democratic reforms and resist authoritarian tendencies.
How Has Democracy Evolved in India?
- India was initially known for its strong democratic foundations, free elections, and separation of powers.
- Except for the 1975 Emergency, India maintained civilian dominance over the military.
- BJP’s rise in 2014 marked a shift towards authoritarianism with increased executive overreach. The BJP’s push for a “Congress-mukt Bharat” exemplified a move toward a one-party state.
- Universities became centers of nationalist symbolism, curbing student protests.
What is Happening in Pakistan?
- Pakistan has a history of military and bureaucratic control, leading to authoritarian rule.
- Since 2008, Pakistan has held four general elections, indicating a shift towards democracy.
- However, military influence remains strong, as seen in the 2018 and 2024 elections where political elites allied with the military to gain power.
- Public protests, like the lawyers’ movement, and mass dissatisfaction with military rule continue to challenge this authoritarianism.
- Despite military influence, citizens increasingly advocate for democracy, as seen in the rise of the PTI in the 2024 election.
Way forward
Both countries have seen citizens use new methods, like digital spaces, to demand democratic governance. India’s recent elections reflect a pushback against authoritarian politics, and in Pakistan, there’s an ongoing tension between the military’s influence and the public’s democratic aspirations. The outcome of these movements will shape the future political landscape in both nations.
Question for practice:
Discuss how the rise of authoritarianism in India and the public pushback against military influence in Pakistan reflect broader democratic trends in South Asia.
Need for new, shorter treatment regimens for drug-resistant TB
Source: The post need for new, shorter treatment regimens for drug-resistant TB has been created, based on the article “Sharpening India’s anti-tuberculosis fight” published in “The Hindu” on 29th August 2024
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2- Governance- Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health
Context: The article discusses India’s struggle with tuberculosis (TB) and emphasizes the need for new, shorter treatment regimens for drug-resistant TB. It highlights the benefits of using the WHO-recommended BPaL/M regimen, improving diagnostics, and targeting at-risk populations to enhance TB detection and treatment.
For detailed information on Tuberculosis- Role of private sector in Elimination read this article here
What is the current TB situation in India?
- India bears over a quarter of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden.
- In 2023, efforts to tackle ‘missed’ TB cases resulted in 25.1 lakh patients being diagnosed.
What are the challenges with current TB treatment regimens?
- Lengthy Treatment Duration: Current regimens require 9 to 24 months of treatment, causing physical and psychological strain on patients.
- High Pill Burden: Patients must take 13-14 tablets daily for shorter regimens and 4-5 tablets for longer regimens.
- Severe Side Effects: Treatment can cause hearing loss, psychosis, and other debilitating side effects.
- Economic Impact: Extended treatment often leads to job loss, driving families into poverty.
- Low Success Rates: The current treatment success rate in India is only 68%, compared to 89% with the new BPaL/M regimen.
What New Treatments Are Available?
- India is set to introduce the WHO-recommended BPaL/M regimen for drug-resistant TB.
- The BPaL/M regimen requires only three to four tablets daily for six months.
- This regimen is more effective, with an 89% success rate, compared to the 68% success rate of current treatments.
- The BPaL/M regimen reduces severe side effects, such as hearing loss and psychosis.
- Implementing BPaL/M can save health systems up to $740 million annually.
- This regimen is already adopted by about 80 countries, with 20 high-burden countries rolling it out.
How Can TB Diagnosis Be Improved?
- Use GIS Mapping and Health Data: Identify vulnerable populations like those with malnutrition, diabetes, HIV, and former COVID-19 patients for targeted screening.
- Conduct Multi-Disease Screening: Focus on at-risk communities, including slum residents, prisoners, and homeless individuals, to detect TB early.
- Leverage Technology: Portable X-ray machines with AI-driven tools can reduce diagnostic delays, especially in remote areas. For example, chest X-rays detected 42.6% of TB cases in the National TB Prevalence Survey (2019-21).
- Adopt Rapid Molecular Tests: These tests provide faster and more accurate TB detection than traditional microscopy methods.
Question for practice:
Examine the challenges associated with current tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimens in India and how the introduction of the WHO-recommended BPaL/M regimen could address these challenges.
Increasing violence against female caregivers in India
Source: The post increasing violence against female caregivers in India has been created, based on the article “In Good Faith: How to ensure that our boys grow into good men” published in “Indian Express” on 29th August 2024
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2 Social Justice – Mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of vulnerable sections.
Context: The article discusses the increasing violence against female caregivers in India, attributing it to deep-rooted misogyny and societal issues. It emphasizes the need for gender sensitization, community involvement, and leadership to address and prevent such violence.
For detailed information on Women Safety in India read this article here
What is the Current Situation of Violence Against Female Caregivers?
- Female caregivers in India, such as teachers, nurses, doctors, and social workers, are increasingly facing violence. Examples include Rajni Bala, a teacher shot dead in Kashmir, and a trainee doctor in Kolkata who was raped and murdered.
- This violence is linked to deep-rooted misogyny, sexism, and the expectation that caregivers should be self-sacrificing.
- Many caregivers work without adequate support systems, making them more vulnerable to aggression.
- The last 10 years have seen crimes against women and children become more frequent and brutal in India.
- Cultural Influence: Media that glorifies toxic masculinity and the easy availability of pornography contribute to this violence, fostering harmful attitudes and behaviors in society.
What are the Broader Implications of Violence Against Female Caregivers?
- This situation raises questions about the values and attitudes of society, including the impact of media that glorifies toxic masculinity.
- It challenges us to think about the messages we’re sending through our cultural practices and media consumption.
What Should be Done?
- Implement Gender Sensitization Programs: Educate children, community members, and leaders on gender equality. This should happen in schools, families, and communities, including slums and villages.
- Strengthen Support Systems: Provide better support for female caregivers like teachers, nurses, and doctors. This reduces their vulnerability to aggression from students, patients, and colleagues.
- Community and Religious Involvement: Engage local leaders and religious figures to promote peace and respect. Community watch programs, helplines, and reporting mechanisms should be established.
- Leadership and Sensitivity Training: Train leaders to prioritize these issues and promote empathy and compassion. This helps in creating conscionable adults.
- Media and Cultural Reforms: Address the harmful impact of media that glorifies toxic masculinity, which contributes to increasing violence against women.
Question for practice:
Examine how deep-rooted societal issues, including media influence and cultural practices, contribute to the increasing violence against female caregivers in India.
GS PAPER - 3
India’s Inflation Targeting Framework
Source-This post on India’s Inflation Targeting Framework has been created based on the article “Inflation targeting: Defending the status quo” published in “Business Standard” on 29 August 2024.
UPSC Syllabus–GS Paper-3– Indian Economy and issues relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and Employment.
Context– In September 2016, India set a 4% inflation target with a 2% to 6% range, reviewed every five years. The six-member Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), made up of three RBI members and three external experts, oversees this framework. The approach has successfully reduced inflation, minimized CPI volatility, and improved the effectiveness of monetary policy.
What are the arguments for modifying the approach to inflation targeting?
1) Broadening the mandate-
A) Critics suggest that the RBI’s mandate to ensure price stability and support economic growth needs to be broadened. Some propose giving the growth objective equal weight to price stability, similar to the US Federal Reserve’s dual mandate.
B) Others recommend including additional responsibilities, such as fostering the corporate bond market and advancing green finance.
2) Headline CPI -Headline inflation is problematic because volatile food prices can skew policy decisions. They recommend that the RBI ignore fluctuations in food price inflation.
3) Weight in the Inflation Basket– The current inflation basket gives food and beverages a 45.8% weight, unchanged since 2011-12, despite a near doubling of per capita incomes. As incomes rise, the share spent on food decreases: Bangladesh spends 45%, Vietnam 33%, Brazil 24%, and South Korea 14%.
4) Inflation Tolerance Band -The RBI’s ±2% tolerance band for inflation is broader than in many emerging markets. This wide band may weaken inflation control and increase expectation volatility.
What are the arguments against modifying the approach to inflation targeting?
1) Risks of Overloading the Central Bank -Assigning too many responsibilities to the central bank can distract from its primary role of maintaining price stability, complicate interest rate policy, destabilize inflation expectations, and reduce its accountability.
2) Impact of Food-Price Inflation on Core Inflation– Food-price inflation can affect core inflation as producers raise prices on other goods. The central bank shouldn’t react to every food price change, but consistently ignoring deviations from the target can have negative effects.
3) Suitability of India’s 4% Inflation Target– India’s 4% inflation target is higher than in other emerging countries but fits its fast-growing economy. Raising it to 6% or 8% could harm investment confidence, raise inflation expectations, and damage the RBI’s credibility.
4) Challenges of a Narrower Inflation Tolerance Band -Food prices are a major and volatile part of Indian inflation, so a narrower tolerance band isn’t practical. During global economic uncertainty, such a band could cause frequent interest rate changes, making investments unpredictable and slowing growth.
Read More- Inflation in India- Reasons and Solutions
What should be the way forward?
1) Optimizing Food Weight -Reducing the food weight in India’s inflation basket to 40%, and potentially to 30% over the next decade as incomes increase, would improve alignment with the inflation target and address concerns about food price changes.
2) Clear Inflation Target– India should maintain a clear anchor such as an inflation target, which has a proven track record of success. Avoiding radical changes, like broadening the RBI’s mandate or adopting a more discretionary approach, will help ensure stability and effectiveness.
Question for practice
Critically examine the need to modify the current approach to inflation targeting in India?
PMLA’s Draconian Provisions
Source-This post on PMLA’s Draconian Provisions has been created based on the article “Bail for K Kavitha: Time to review PMLA’s draconian provisions” published in “The Indian Express” on 29 August 2024.
UPSC Syllabus-GS Paper-3- Money-Laundering and its prevention.
Context– Recent Supreme Court rulings emphasize that “bail is the rule, and jail is the exception” should apply to special laws like UAPA and PMLA. This was highlighted in the case of K Kavitha, where the court noted that undertrial detention should not be punitive.
Recently, the ED’s activity has surged, with cases rising from 1,797 (2005-2014) to 5,155 (2014-2023) and asset attachments increasing from Rs 5,086 crore to Rs 1.2 lakh crore. Yet only 25 cases have reached court, with 24 leading to convictions.
How Have the PMLA Provisions Evolved?
A) 2012 Amendment- Expanded the definition of money laundering to cover activities related to the concealment, acquisition, possession, and use of criminal proceeds.
B) 2015 Amendment- Extended the definition of “proceeds of crime” to include assets located in India, even if laundering occurred abroad.
C) 2018 Amendment- Reinforced the twin conditions for bail under Section 45, requiring courts to confirm the commission of a crime or the unlikelihood of the accused fleeing.
D) 2019 Amendment- The ED’s powers were expanded to include broad authority for summons, arrests, raids, and property seizures. Money laundering was defined as a standalone offense, allowing property searches with just a simple warrant, without needing an FIR or chargesheet.
Read More- Money Laundering
What are the issues with the Enforcement Directorate?
1) Selective Prosecution- Politicians constitute only 3% of ED cases, yet over 90% of these cases involve members of the Opposition. Cases often get sidelined when politicians switch to the ruling party.
2) Prolonged Trials and Bail Conditions- Strict bail conditions and lengthy court processes have caused many accused individuals to remain in detention for extended periods. In over 21 years, only 25 cases have been resolved, partly because wealthy offenders use tactics to delay trials.
3) Capacity and Resource Constraints- The ED, with a current staff of 2,067, has asked to triple its workforce and open offices in each state capital. It is struggling with over 11,000 foreign exchange violation cases, making it difficult to prioritize and manage them all effectively.
4) Abuse of Law-The PMLA’s strict provisions-such as allowing arrests without an ECIR, using statements made by the accused, and lacking magisterial oversight, raise concerns about potential misuse.
Conclusion – The Supreme Court’s upcoming review of PMLA’s strict provisions is important. If the Court does not address these issues, it will be up to the public to push for changes in Parliament to ensure the Act is fair and upholds democratic principles.
Question for practice
What are the issues with the Enforcement Directorate?
Shift in India’s Climate Policy
Source: The post shift in India’s climate policy has been created, based on the article “Establishing a carbon market” published in “The Hindu” on 29th August 2024
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper3- Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.
Context: The article discusses India’s transition from energy efficiency targets in polluting industries like iron and steel to emission targets. It explains the shift from the PAT scheme to a carbon market approach, aligning climate change efforts with socioeconomic priorities.
For detailed information on Climate Negotiations and India read this article here
What is the Shift in India’s Climate Policy?
- The finance minister announced that industries with high pollution levels, such as iron, steel, and aluminium, will need to meet specific emission targets instead of just focusing on energy efficiency.
- This means that instead of just using energy more efficiently, these industries must limit their overall pollution.
- India aims to tackle climate change while also meeting its development needs, such as industrial growth and housing.
- The move towards a carbon market approach is seen as a step to better manage and reduce overall emissions, especially from industries that contribute significantly to pollution.
How Do PAT and Emissions Trading Work?
- Perform, Achieve, and Trade (PAT): PAT is a regulatory tool aimed at reducing specific energy consumption in energy-intensive industries. It focuses on enhancing cost-effectiveness through energy efficiency. Industries that surpass their energy-saving targets generate certificates which they can trade.
- Emissions Trading (Cap and Trade): This system assigns absolute emission caps to polluters, encouraging them to stay within these limits. Unlike PAT, it deals with total emissions rather than energy efficiency. Companies must reduce their emissions to meet these caps or buy allowances from those who have excess credits, thus incentivizing reductions in overall emissions.
What Does the Carbon Market Mode Entail?
- Phased Implementation: The carbon market in India will begin with a voluntary phase, supported by a domestic project-based offset scheme. Later, it will evolve into a compliance market with mandatory participation for regulated entities.
- Sector Inclusion: From 2026, the carbon credits trading scheme will include high-polluting sectors like iron, steel, petrochemicals, chemicals, and aluminum.
- NDC Alignment: This market aligns with India’s Nationally Determined Contributions, aiming to reduce GDP emissions intensity by 45% and achieve 50% power capacity from non-fossil fuels by 2030.
How Does This Align With Global Efforts?
- While India has not committed to specific emission cuts like those outlined in the European Union Emissions Trading System, it is working within its own development framework to find suitable ways to reduce emissions.
- By transitioning to a carbon market, India adheres to its Nationally Determined Contributions under the 2015 Paris Agreement.
- The approach balances India’s development priorities with environmental sustainability, recognizing the unique challenges and needs of a developing economy.
Question for practice:
Evaluate how the shift from energy efficiency targets to emission targets in high-polluting industries aligns with India’s climate change and development goals.
Prelims Oriented Articles (Factly)
Supreme Court’s Stance on Bail in Money Laundering Cases
Source- This post on Supreme Court’s Stance on Bail in Money Laundering Cases has been created based on the article “Bail always the norm, even in money laundering cases: SC” published in “The Hindu” on 28th August 2024.
Why in News?
The Supreme Court of India recently reaffirmed the principle that “bail is the rule and jail is the exception,” even in cases related to money laundering.
Key Observations by the Supreme Court
1. Liberty Over Incarceration: The court emphasized that individual liberty is the norm, and any deprivation of liberty should only occur through a valid and reasonable legal procedure.
2. Interpretation of Section 45 of PMLA: The court clarified that Section 45 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) should not be interpreted in a manner that makes granting bail impossible. The section does not override the general principle that bail should be the default.
3. Conditions for Bail: The court noted that bail must be granted if the two conditions of Section 45 are satisfied:
i) There are reasonable grounds to believe the accused is prima facie innocent.
ii) The accused is unlikely to commit any crime while out on bail.
4. Court referred to the Manish Sisodia bail judgment (August 9, 2024) reinforcing that bail cannot be denied based on the whims of investigating agencies like the ED.
Right Against Self-Incrimination
1. Protection of Fundamental Rights: The Supreme Court ruled that the ED cannot force an accused in judicial custody to make a self-incriminatory statement in another money laundering case. This would violate the fundamental right to silence and protection against self-incrimination under Article 20(3) of the Constitution.
2. Section 50 of PMLA: Section 50 allows the Enforcement Directorate (ED) to summon individuals and request documents or statements. However, the court ruled that these powers cannot violate an individual’s right against self-incrimination.
3. Inadmissibility of Self-Incriminatory Statements: A person in custody cannot provide a statement with a “free mind”. This makes any self-incriminatory statement under ED pressure inadmissible as evidence. This ensures fairness and justice by preventing such statements from being used against the accused.
UPSC Syllabus: Polity and nation
ISRO’s Design of the Humanoid Skull for Gaganyaan
Source- This post on ISRO’s Design of the Humanoid Skull for Gaganyaan has been created based on the article “How ISRO designed humanoid skull which will be used in Gaganyaan” published in “Indian Express” on 28th August 2024.
Why in News?
ISRO’s uncrewed Gaganyaan mission in 2025 will feature a female half-humanoid named Vyomitra. Vyomitra’s skull design was finalized recently by ISRO’s Inertial Systems Unit at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Center in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
What Are Humanoids?
1. Humanoids or half-humanoids are robotic systems designed to resemble human form and function autonomously.
2. Vyomitra is equipped with movable arms, a torso, a face, and a neck.
3. Such robots assist astronauts by performing repetitive or hazardous tasks in space, such as cleaning solar panels or repairing external spacecraft equipment.
4. Purpose of Sending a Humanoid to Space:
i) The 2025 mission aims to demonstrate Vyomitra’s technology.
ii) The humanoid will perform operations at the crew console, monitor systems inside the crew module, and communicate with mission control on Earth.
iii) This mission will help evaluate the robot’s performance and assess the impacts of space travel on human beings, in preparation for India’s first crewed mission later in 2025.
Design Features of Vyomitra’s Skull
Features | Description |
Material Selection | 1. The skull is made from an aluminium alloy, AlSi10Mg, chosen for its high flexibility, lightweight nature, heat resistance, and mechanical strength. 2. AlSi10Mg is commonly used in automotive engines and aerospace components due to these properties. |
Structural Strength | 1. The skull is designed to withstand extreme vibrational loads experienced during rocket launches. 2. The alloy provides a yield strength of over 220 MegaPascals, indicating the maximum stress it can endure before permanent deformation. |
Dimensions and Weight | 1. The humanoid skull has a compact design with dimensions of 200mm x 200mm. 2. It is lightweight, weighing only 800 grams, making it suitable for space missions where payload weight is crucial. |
Additive Manufacturing Technique | 1. The skull was created using Additive Manufacturing (AM). It is a technique that allows for the easy integration of lattice structures. 2. AM is similar to 3D printing which builds objects layer by layer. It significantly reduces the overall weight of the final product compared to conventional manufacturing methods. |
UPSC Syllabus: Science and technology
Joint Russian- Indian Commission on the Cooperation in the Field of Emergency Management
Source- This post on Joint Russian- Indian Commission on the Cooperation in the Field of Emergency Management has been created based on the article “India, Russia sign working plan to handle emergencies” published in “The Hindu” on 28th August 2024.
Why in News?
The Indo-Russian Joint Commission on Cooperation in Emergency Management recently held its second meeting in Moscow on August 28, 2024.
Details of the Working Plan:
1. India and Russia signed a working plan to enhance cooperation in emergency management in Moscow.
2. The working plan is set to be implemented from 2025 to 2026 and aims to strengthen bilateral cooperation in disaster management. The next meeting of the commission will take place in India in 2026.
3. Both countries agreed to continue exchanging best practices and lessons learned in managing emergencies.
4. This plan builds on the Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) for cooperation in the field of emergency management signed in December 2010, and the 2013 regulation that established the Indo-Russian Joint Commission for Cooperation in the prevention and elimination of the consequences of emergency situations.
5. Three specific issues were deliberated during the meeting:
i) the use of space monitoring technologies for risk forecasting and emergency response
ii) the exchange of experiences in responding to large-scale disasters
iii) cooperation in the training of fire and rescue specialists.
6. Strategic Importance: This working plan will provide additional momentum to bilateral efforts, facilitating mutual assistance in enhancing early warning systems, and building capacity in emergency preparedness, prevention, response, and planning for both countries.
About Indo-Russian Joint Commission on Cooperation in Emergency Management
1. It is a bilateral platform that enhances collaboration between Russia and India in disaster management.
2. It focuses on disaster risk reduction, training and capacity building, technical cooperation, humanitarian assistance, research and development, and policy formulation to improve preparedness, response, and recovery from disasters. This partnership strengthens both countries’ abilities to manage emergencies effectively.
3. The first meeting of the Indo-Russian Joint Commission on Cooperation in Emergency Management was held in New Delhi in 2016.
UPSC Syllabus: International relations
Cabinet Approves 12 Industrial Nodes Under NICDP
Source- This post on Cabinet Approves 12 Industrial Nodes Under NICDP has been created based on the article “Cabinet approves 12 Industrial nodes/cities under National Industrial Corridor Development Programme” published in “PIB” on 28th August 2024.
Why in News?
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved 12 new project proposals under the National Industrial Corridor Development Programme (NICDP).
About the New industrial projects
1. New industrial projects will be set up in 10 states, including locations like Khurpia in Uttarakhand, Rajpura-Patiala in Punjab, Dighi in Maharashtra, Palakkad in Kerala, Agra and Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh, Gaya in Bihar, Zaheerabad in Telangana, Orvakal and Kopparthy in Andhra Pradesh, and Jodhpur-Pali in Rajasthan.
2. These projects are part of six major industrial corridors to boost India’s manufacturing and economic growth.
3. The initiative aligns with the vision of ‘Viksit Bharat’ and ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat.’ It aims to position India as a key player in global value chains (GVC).
4. Smart Cities and Modern Infrastructure: The industrial cities will be developed as greenfield smart cities, based on ‘plug-n-play’ and ‘walk-to-work’ concepts, featuring sustainable, world-class infrastructure.
5. Allignment with PM GatiShakti: This programme is integrated with the PM GatiShakti National Master Plan. These projects will have multi-modal connectivity to enhance the movement of people, goods, and services.
6. Employment Generation: The NICDP is expected to generate around 1 million direct jobs and up to 3 million indirect jobs, contributing to regional socio-economic development.
7. Commitment to Sustainable Development: The projects will emphasize sustainable development, using ICT-enabled utilities and green technologies, making these cities both economic hubs and models of environmental stewardship.
About National Industrial Corridor Development Programme (NICDP)
1. About: The National Industrial Corridor Development Programme (NICDP) is a key initiative by the Indian government designed to establish new industrial cities as “Smart Cities” while incorporating advanced technologies across various infrastructure sectors.
2. Objective: It aims to create a vibrant industrial ecosystem by attracting investments from large industries and MSMEs.
3. Scope: It encompasses the development of 11 industrial corridors, with 32 projects planned for completion in four phases by the 2026-27 timeline.
4. Implementation: The programme is managed by the National Industrial Corridor Development and Implementation Trust (NICDIT) and the National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation Limited (NICDC).
UPSC Syllabus: Indian Economy
Cabinet Approval for New Railway Projects
Source- This post on Cabinet Approval for New Railway Projects has been created based on the article “Cabinet approves two new lines and one multi-tracking project across Indian Railways” published in “PIB” on 28th August 2024.
Why in News?
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has sanctioned three significant railway projects under the Ministry of Railways. These projects are set for completion by 2028-29.
About the New Railway Projects
Aspects | Description |
Aim | These projects aim to streamline supply chains and foster economic growth by increasing the capacity of existing lines and enhancing the transportation network. |
Scope | The three projects span across seven districts in four states: Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Chhattisgarh, extending the Indian Railways network by approximately 300 km. |
Alignment with National Vision | 1. These projects are aligned with the PM-Gati Shakti National Master Plan for multi-modal connectivity, which promotes integrated planning and provides seamless connectivity for the movement of people, goods, and services. 2. The projects also support the vision of a “New India,” fostering comprehensive regional development and enhancing employment and self-employment opportunities. |
Socio- economic Impact | 1. Infrastructural Development: Construction of 14 new stations under this projects will enhance connectivity in two aspirational districts (Nuapada and East Singhbhum), improving accessibility for about 11 lakh people across 1,300 villages. 2. Connectivity and Mobility: The multi-tracking projects will enhance connectivity for approximately 19 lakh people across another 1,300 villages. |
Economic Impact | 1. Reduced Oil Imports: The initiatives are expected to decrease oil imports by around 10 crore litres. 2. Employment Generation: The construction phase is projected to generate approximately 114 lakh man-days of direct employment, providing substantial employment opportunities in the region. 3. Freight Capacity: The projects will increase freight traffic capacity by an estimated 45 million tonnes per annum (MTPA), crucial for transporting commodities such as agricultural products, coal, iron ore, and cement. |
Environmental Impact | These rail projects, being environment-friendly and energy-efficient, will help India meet its climate goals by reducing CO2 emissions by 240 crore kg. This reduction is equivalent to planting approximately 9.7 crore trees. |
UPSC Syllabus: Indian Economy
Rollout of private FM radio channels in 234 cities and towns
Source- This post on Rollout of private FM radio channels in 234 cities and towns has been created based on the article “Cabinet approves rolling out Private FM Radio to 234 uncovered new cities / towns” published in “PIB” on 28th August 2024.
Why in News?
The Union Cabinet has approved the rollout of private FM radio channels in 234 cities and towns that were previously not covered. This has been done under the Private FM Radio Phase Ill Policy. This decision aims to fulfil the existing demand for FM radio in these areas.
About the rollout of private FM radio channels in 234 cities and towns
The Cabinet has sanctioned an Annual Licence Fee (ALF) for FM channels. It has been set at 4% of the gross revenue, excluding Goods and Services Tax (GST). This fee structure will apply to the newly added 234 cities and towns.
Benefits of the Rollout:
i) Enhanced Local Content and Cultural Promotion: The expansion is expected to introduce new and local content, particularly in native languages. It thereby promotes regional dialects and cultures. It also aligns with the ‘vocal for local‘ initiative, emphasizing the importance of local products and services.
ii) Employment and Economic Opportunities: The rollout of private FM radio channels is anticipated to create new employment opportunities in the broadcasting sector and related fields.
iii) Focus on Aspirational and LWE-Affected Districts: Many of the newly approved locations are in aspirational districts and areas affected by Left Wing Extremism (LWE). The introduction of private FM radio in these regions is expected to strengthen public outreach and communication, and foster community development.
UPSC Syllabus: Indian Economy