What is the difference between concept of secularism in India from France?

Secularism can be understood as separation of religion from political, economic, social and cultural aspects of life, religion being treated as a purely personal matter. However, secularism has evolved differently in different societies, shaped by their socio-cultural histories. 

French concept of Secularism: French Secularism or ‘Laïcité’ (in French) finds its origin in the French Revolution of the 18th Century. Broadly, the idea refers to the freedom of citizens and of public institution from the influence of organized religion. This is often referred to as ‘Separation of Church and State’.  

Indian concept of Secularism: Indian Secularism is an ancient concept which emphasizes on ‘Sarva Dharama Sambhav’ (it means that the destination of the paths followed by all religions is the same, though the paths themselves may be different) which means equal respect to all religions. However, in modern times India has also adopted some aspects of the Western concept of separation of religion and state. 

Differences between the concept of secularism in India and France: 

1. Relation between state and religion: While French Secularism emphasizes on a strict separation of religion and state, Indian system relies more on what can be termed as ‘Principled Distance approach’. In India the State is allowed to interfere in secular aspects of religions or in those religious practices which it finds oppressive or discriminatory in nature. 
2. Freedom of expression vs Religion: The French concept encourages absolute Freedom of expression and a spirit of inquiry. It gives primacy to Freedom of Expression over religious sentiments. On the other hand, India has a balanced approach. It puts reasonable restrictions on Freedom of Speech in order to maintain respect of all religions. 
3. Right to Religion: French Secularism does not recognize one’s Right to Profess Religion. While Indian Constitution recognizes Right to Profess, Propagate, Practice Religion as a Fundamental Right. 
4. Religion in Public sphere: French system considers religion a strictly private matter and prevents any religious expression in the public sphere. For example, French government banned wearing religious symbols in schools such as a cross, burqa etc. India, on the other hand, recognizes individual and community right to practice religion and express their religious identity in the public sphere. 
5. Minority rights and identity: While the French Secularism is based on cultural assimilation, Indian Secularism thrives to protect minority rights and enable them to preserve their cultural identity. 
6. Positive discrimination: Indian model of Secularism, unlike the French model recognizes the need to protect minorities. Indian Constitution has put in place various provisions which discriminate positively in favour of religious and cultural minorities, such as Article 29 and 30 of the Constitution. 

It can be argued that Indian Secularism has evolved to accommodative of different cultures and religions. India follows, what Mahatma Gandhi referred to as, Positive Secularism, where every religion is respected equally.