PYQ Vault · Paper 2 · Globalisation

Global South-sensitive model of globalization would prevent the danger emanating from overcentralized clobalization. Discuss.

How the answer moves

The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.

Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes

Route 1 claim rests on a real diagnosis → over-centralisation = rule-making + gains locked in a Northern core

Route 2 danger is genuine, but curable by reform, not by dismantling globalisation

Body flow

danger is structural (Wallerstein → periphery-to-core drain → underdevelopment) → danger is institutional (IMF/WTO/UN favour the North → Stiglitz’s democratic deficit, the affected have least say) → South-sensitive model = decentralise rule-making + rebalance representation → South’s agenda: fairer multilateralism, SDG finance, climate justice (Loss and Damage) → voice of the South (Ukraine, Gaza, climate)

Counter-view

Nayyar → globalisation needs a hegemon → remove the coordinating core → fragmentation, not fairness → decentralisation without reformed leadership solves little

Conclusion routes

Route 1 reform, not replacement → build the South in → more equitable + resilient, less backlash

Route 2 qualified yes → the model reduces the danger only by reforming leadership, not by removing it

Model answer

Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.

Handwritten model answer — UPSC PSIR 2025, Globalisation