PYQ Vault · Paper 1 · Organs of Government
Has the thrust of government tilted towards executive in contemporary Indian politics? Give your arguments.
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Flow snapshot — how the answer moves
Intro routes
R1 Parliamentary design: executive drawn from & accountable to Lok Sabha (Art 75) → overlap natural → tilt = overlap hardening into dominance R2 Question of degree, not kind → some executive strength is built-in → locate where strength starts weakening Parliament / committees / opposition
Body flow
PM-PMO ascendancy (Ambedkar → Indira’s Cabinet-to-PMO shift → Modi-era PMO centrality) → executive law-making bypass (Mehta on ordinances → Krishna Kumar Singh 2017 → Money Bill / Aadhaar route) → Parliament's decline (sitting days 120 → 58, 16% of Bills to committees → Hewitt & Rai: weak committee scrutiny → party whip → Khaitan: accountability crisis → Shah: elected autocracy)
Counter-view
Checks still bite: 2008 nuclear-deal confidence vote, coal-block cancellation, Money Bill review (Chandrachud, Bhushan) → Abraham: responsible govt needs a functional Parliament
Conclusion routes
R1 Tilt is real, but separation of powers negotiated, not rigid; the parliamentary form = basic structure R2 Executive strength aids governance; the danger is unchecked dominance, not strength itself
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
