Relevance of the Legislative Council in 150 words
How the answer moves
The flow snapshot — the routes in, the body, the counter-view and the routes out.
Route 1 Upper House, Art 169 + 171 → weak chamber: delays not blocks, no executive control → relevance rests on function, not force
Route 2 Open from the redundancy charge → can a near-powerless second chamber still matter? → yes, but only on functional grounds
Revising chamber, second thoughts on hasty Assembly decisions (Ambedkar) → widens representation: teachers, graduates, local authorities, nominated experts → expands political space for those shut out of other elected bodies (Yogendra Narain) → critics find this value thin
Weak duplication (Wheare + Austin) → a chamber of political patronage (Kothari)
Route 1 Relevant, but only conditionally → needs better composition, real scrutiny, no refuge for defeated politicians
Route 2 Relevance is latent, not automatic → reform turns a delaying house into a deliberative one
Model answer
Handwritten, in the form it would be written in the examination hall.
Also asked on this head
Principal Organs of the Union and State Government — 17 questions in the Vault.
- Critically comment on the shifts in the functioning of the Indian Parliament in the last two decades.
- Highlight any five constitutional provisions that restrain the powers of the executive, and evaluate their effectiveness in current times.
- Analyse the arguments in favour and against the lateral entry into higher civil services in India.
How this is taught
The same flow snapshot, built for every head of the syllabus, with the answer written in class.
The first session of Foundation 2027 is published in full.
Six programmes across three levels.