10 PM Current Affairs Quiz : January 9, 2019

The AIBP was initiated in 1996 as a Central scheme to give loan assistance to the States to help them complete some of the incomplete major/medium irrigation projects which were at an advanced stage of completion and to create additional irrigation potential in the country. The scheme has been subsumed as a component of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana

National Digital Communications Policy (NDCP) 2018 aims to provide Broadband to all by 2022. It seeks to bring India to the top 50 rank (from present 134) in the ICT Development Index of the International Telecom Union

About Leptospirosis

• Commonly known as rat fever or Andaman hemorrhagic fever
• Leptospirosis, a bacterial infection caused by ‘spirochete’, is naturally carried species of rodents, wildlife and domestic animals. Dogs, cattle and rabbits also transmit the infection.
• Rodents have an enormous ability to excrete large number of leptospira in the urine, which is the main source of contamination incriminating human and animal leptospirosis.
• Humans become infected through direct contact with the urine of infected animals or with a urine-contaminated environment.
• The bacteria enter the body through cuts or abrasions on the skin, or through the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and eyes. Person-to-person transmission is rare.
• Infection can also occur through aborted fetuses, afterbirth or uterine discharges of cattle or the semen of an infected bull.
• In the early stages of the disease, symptoms include high fever, severe headache, muscle pain, chills, redness of the eyes, abdominal pain, jaundice, hemorrhages in the skin and mucous membranes, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash.
• It is extremely rare to transmit human to human, with only about one human case reported annually in Illinois

The provisions under Article 342:

• Article 342(1) Scheduled Tribes – the President may with respect to any State or Union Territory after consultation with the Governor by a public notification, specify the tribes or tribal communities as Scheduled Tribe.
• Parliament may be law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Tribes specified in a notification.

Criteria for specification of a community as a Scheduled Tribe

• Indian Constitution is silent about the criteria for specification of a community as a Scheduled Tribe.
• The criteria presently followed for specification of a community as a Scheduled Tribe are:
• Indications of primitive traits
• Distinctive culture
• Geographical isolation
• Shyness of contact with the community at large
• Backwardness

The largest number of main tribal communities (62) has been specified in the State of Orissa.  The Scheduled Tribes have been specified in relation to all the States and Union Territories except Haryana, Punjab, Chandigarh, Delhi, and Pondicherry.

In the LIC of India case18 (1995) also, the Supreme Court again held that the Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution.

1. CRZ 2018 notification is based on recommendation of  Shailesh Nayak committee constituted by Ministry of Environment in June 2014 for comprehensive evaluation of provisions under CRZ 2011 notification as demanded by various coastal States/UTs along with other stakeholders
2. CRZ 2018 notification permits temporary tourism facilities such as shacks, toilet blocks, drinking water facilities etc. in beaches and same is also now permissible in the “No Development Zone” (NDZ) of the CRZ-III areas but minimum distance of 10 m from HTL should be maintained for setting up of such facilities
3. CRZ 2018 notification stipulate No Development Zone of 20 m for all islands close to the mainland coast and for all Backwater Islands in the mainland. For bringing uniformity in treatment of such regions due to space limitations and unique geography of such regions