Hybridisation can spread gainful genes between species

Source: The post is based on the article “Hybridisation can spread gainful genes between species — this helps butterflies mimic signals” published in “Times of India” on 23rd September 2023.

Syllabus: GS3- Environment – Ecology- Species Evolution

News: The article discusses a researcher’s interest in species evolution, with a focus on hybridization, where species mix genes. They studied various organisms, particularly butterflies, and found that advantageous genes can transfer between species. This aids in mimicry, where non-poisonous species imitate poisonous ones for protection. Additionally, the article touches on the renowned case of the peppered moth, showcasing natural selection, and mentions observed shifts in butterfly habitats due to climate change.

How do species evolve?

Diverse view: There was a disagreement among different groups of biologists on how species evolved. Some said they had to evolve in geographic isolation, while others felt species could evolve in gene flow contact or in close proximity.

Hybridization: Species evolve by mixing genes through hybridization. Around 10% of animal species and 25% of plant species experience this mixing of genes between different species. In butterflies, this process can lead to the transfer of genes that affect color patterns.

Mimicry and Advantageous Gene Transfer: Butterflies use mimicry, copying the appearances of other species, to enhance survival. Some advantageous genes can transfer between species when they offer survival benefits through enhanced mimicry.

Natural Selection and Environmental Adaptation: The peppered moth adapted its color to its environment for survival, with black moths thriving in industrialized, sooty areas, exemplifying natural selection.

Climate-Driven Adaptation: Temperate-zone butterflies are moving northwards, adapting to new climates due to climate changes, illustrating species’ ability to adjust to changing environmental conditions.