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Source: The post is based on the article “Fluorescent carbon nanomaterial-based immunosensor from natural sources can help early detection of cancer” published in PIB on 15th February 2023
What is the News?
Scientists fabricated an immunosensor based on the fluorescence phenomenon of biogenic carbon quantum dots, a new class of carbon nanomaterial. This can help detect Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) concentrations.
Note: Elevated levels of VEGF in the blood are considered cancerous.
What is the Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)?
Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is a signalling protein that promotes the growth of angiogenesis or new blood vessels.
Functions of VEGF: One of the main functions of VEGF is to form new blood vessels as a baby grows and develops in the womb.
– This protein also stimulates the growth of new blood vessels after injury and the growth of muscle after exercise has been performed.
– In cases where blood vessels are obstructed, VEGF also promotes the creation of new blood vessels to bypass the blocked vessels.
Problems with VEGF: VEGF is upregulated in many tumours and hence gives indications of the probability of cancers.
What is Endothelium?
The endothelium is a monolayer of endothelial cells and constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system.
The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone.
It is a major factor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and endocrine organ.
