Women’s Urban Employment Guarantee Act (WUEGA)

Source– This post on Women’s Urban Employment Guarantee Act (WUEGA) has been created based on the article “A women’s urban employment guarantee act” published in “The Hindu” on 4^th March 2024.

UPSC Syllabus Topic– GS Paper 3- Indian Economy- Issues relating development and employment.

News– There is a growing discussion regarding including women’s empowerment and narrowing gender disparities, especially in employment, under the Sustainable Development Goals. This article emphasizes the necessity of enhancing the involvement of urban women in the workforce. Women Urban Employment

What are the current challenges in Urban Women’s Employment?

1. Variations in Employment Rates – More than half of the MGNREGA workers are women. However, in cities, women encounter challenges such as societal norms, safety issues, and inadequate transportation, which discourage them from entering the workforce.

The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) shows that the employment rate for women in urban areas was 22.9% in the last quarter of 2023.

2. Unfulfilled Employment Needs– Urban women, despite being educated and willing to work, experience higher unemployment rates than rural areas. For example- In urban areas, the unemployment rate, reflecting those who desire jobs whether actively seeking or not, stands at 9%, while in rural areas, it is 4%.
3. Need for Urban Job Programs– Some states have started urban employment programs, but a national initiative like the Women’s Urban Employment Guarantee Act (WUEGA) is needed to address urban women’s employment challenges effectively.

What are the key features of proposed Women’s Urban Employment Guarantee Act (WUEGA)?

Aim– The proposed act seeks to achieve gender equality in job opportunities by requiring the inclusion of at least 50% (ideally 100%) women in program management.

1. Inclusivity– The WUEGA would provide diverse job options within a 5-km radius and necessary amenities such as childcare services at work locations. Additionally, it offers free public transportation for women and provides incentives such as automatic enrollment in welfare boards to empower and assist women in the workforce.
2. Skill Building Programs– The proposal aims to tackle skill disparities and ease the shift from education to employment by suggesting apprenticeships, information hubs, and empowerment programs specifically designed to meet the needs of women.

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Is a separate Women focused employment program feasible?

1. Example of Women-Led Initiatives– Waste management initiatives led by women in Karnataka showcase the effectiveness and achievements of programs focused on women, indicating the possibility of similar efforts under WUEGA.
2. Costs and Benefits– Despite fiscal concerns, the implementation of WUEGA remains feasible, with projected costs amounting to approximately 2% of GDP. The program promises significant advantages in terms of women’s empowerment, economic growth, and social inclusion.
3. Future Prospects– By implementing WUEGA in phases and conducting regular assessments with necessary adjustments, we can lay the groundwork for wider urban employment initiatives. This will guarantee income security and empowerment for women.

Question for Practice:

Discuss the challenges faced by urban women in employment and evaluate the key features proposed under the Women’s Urban Employment Guarantee Act (WUEGA) to address these challenges effectively.