The concept of democracy as a governing method and a core societal value

Source: The post the concept of democracy as a governing method and a core societal value has been created, based on the article “In India, the idea of democracy differs from its practice” published in “Indian express” on 9th May 2024.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2-Indian Constitution—Historical Underpinnings, Evolution, Features, Amendments, Significant Provisions and Basic Structure.

Context: This article explores the concept of democracy as a governing method and a core societal value. It examines how democracy, especially in India, is often defined more by administrative practices than by its foundational values, which face challenges in practice. The concept of democracy as a governing method and a core societal value

For details information on V–Dem institute report on Democracy in India read this article here

What is democracy?

Political philosopher Giorgio Agamben describes democracy as a technique of governance, providing governments legitimacy to control the population since the French Revolution.

As a societal value, democracy encompasses freedom, justice, and respect.

Philosopher Alain Badiou portrays democracy as a political emblem, where even critics use its language while ignoring its core values.

What did Gandhi and Ambedkar think about democracy?

Gandhi’s View on Democracy:

Gandhi believed democracy should be a societal value, cultivated naturally.

He opposed constitutionalizing democracy, preferring it to remain a part of traditional morality.

According to him, democracy wasn’t a natural sentiment but was externally imposed, unlike India’s “real” democratic tradition of religious coexistence.

Ambedkar’s View on Democracy:

Ambedkar saw democracy as a constitutional value, necessary due to India’s deep structural inequalities.

He emphasized that the Constitution must guarantee and protect democracy.

His views underscored the importance of equality, justice, and social reform within a democratic framework.

What challenges does democracy face in India?

Administrative Overemphasis: Democracy is often reduced to administrative practices, with less focus on core values like freedom and justice. Issues around elections and parliamentary processes dominate discussions.

Intolerance and Pluralism: There is limited tolerance for dissent, and pluralism is not fully embraced. This is evident from the Emergency declared in 1975, which showed how easily dissent can be stifled.

Changing Principles: Organizations like the RSS have been legitimized, altering the character of democracy. Their influence has increased through popular means, challenging traditional values.

Symbolic Engagement: While democracy is a popular topic, deeper concerns over its principles and values are often ignored. Even opponents of democracy participate in discussions without upholding its foundational values.

Question for practice:

Examine the differing perspectives of Gandhi and Ambedkar on democracy and its foundational values.