Biofloc Technology (BFT) and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS).

Source: This post on Biofloc Technology (BFT) and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) has been created based on the article “WAAW 2024: Emerging technologies in aquaculture to promote increased production while preventing diseases” published in Down to earth on 22nd November 2024.

Why in news?

India’s aquaculture sector has increasingly adopted Biofloc Technology (BFT) and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS). These technologies are supported by government subsidies and researched extensively by institutions like ICAR-CIFA and ICAR-CIBA.

About Biofloc Technology (BFT)

1. About: Biofloc Technology is a closed tank-based fish farming method that uses beneficial bacteria to clean water and recycle organic waste into microbial biomass, which can then be consumed by fish.

2. Advantages:

i) BFT reduces the need for frequent water changes and minimizes the use of antibiotics.

ii) The system is cost-effective and environmentally friendly, as it recycles nutrients from waste. It is particularly suitable for small farmers with limited land and can even be set up in small areas or backyards.

iii) The technology promotes sustainability by reducing environmental impact while enabling intensified production.

3. Challenges:

i) The initial cost of setting up a BFT system can range from ₹4-5 lakh, making it expensive for small-scale farmers.

ii) Constant monitoring is required to maintain water quality and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, which is crucial for microbial growth.

iii) Certain fish species, such as Indian major carps like rohu and catla, are less successful in BFT systems, limiting its adoption in some regions.

iv) Seasonal variations, such as cold winters, require additional investments like heating rods to maintain optimal conditions.

About Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)

1. About: Recirculating Aquaculture Systems use a closed-loop setup to filter and recycle water, creating a controlled environment for fish farming.

2. Advantages:

i) RAS systems ensure high levels of biosecurity by filtering out pathogens and reducing the risk of diseases.

ii) They require minimal intervention for water monitoring and disease control, making management efficient.

iii) The systems provide optimal conditions for fish growth by controlling temperature, oxygen levels, and cleanliness.

iv) RAS can be set up in areas without natural water sources and close to urban markets, allowing for proximity to high-demand areas.

v) Water recycling within the system conserves freshwater resources.

3. Challenges:

i) RAS systems involve higher initial investment and operational costs compared to BFT systems.

ii) Continuous power supply and backup systems are necessary, adding to the operational expenses.

iii) Farmers need extensive training to manage the complex components of RAS, such as filtration systems and water quality monitoring.

UPSC Syllabus: Environment