Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon- August 18

Both the statement is incorrect.

Statement 1 is incorrect:

Union Environment, Forest and Climate Change Minister launched ‘Gaj Yatra’ as a nationwide campaign to protect elephants on the occasion of World Elephant Day.

The campaign is planned to cover 12 elephant range states.

Statement 2 is incorrect:

Elephant Range States – Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, A.P, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha and Uttarakhand.

Important Learning:

• The campaign was launched on the occasion of World Elephant Day
• Over the next 15 months, artists and craftsmen will create life-size works on the theme of elephants in places along the route of the roadshow, covering 12 states that have wild elephants, using local art and craft
• Specially fabricated vehicles will be deployed to display these on pre-determined routes with campaigners
• The ‘Gaju’ mascot, which was released by the Ministry in 2012, will be helm the campaign
• The campaign will be led by the Wildlife Trust of India.

Important learning:

• They are currently in news because of increased man- animal conflict in these tiger reserve.
• There are 50 tiger reserves in India which are governed by Project Tiger which is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
• India is home to 70 percent of tigers in the world. In 2006, there were 1,411 tigers which increased to 1,706 in 2011 and 2,226 in 2014.

High Temperature and convergence of North east and south east trade winds facilitates low pressure formation in Equatorial region

Important Learning:

The sun shines almost vertically on the equator throughout the year. As a result the air gets warm and rises over the equatorial region and produce equatorial low pressure. This belt extends from equator to 100N and 100S latitudes. Due to excessive heating horizontal movement of air is absent here and only conventional currents are there. Therefore this belt is called doldrums (the zone of calm) due to virtual absence of surface winds. These are the regions of convergence because the winds flowing from sub tropical high pressure belts converge here. This belt is also known as-Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).

What are Exogenic Forces?

The forces which derive their strength from the earth’s exterior or originate within the earth’s atmosphere are called as exogenic forces or external forces.The action of exogenic forces results in wearing down and hence they are considered as land wearing forces.

What are Endogenic Forces?

They are forces that originate from the internal of earth.Endogenic forces a can be classified as slow movements (diastrophic) and sudden movements. Slow movements cause changes very gradually which might not be visible during a human lifetime.

Explanation:

The Global Environment Facility (GEF) was established on the eve of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit to help tackle our planet’s most pressing environmental problems.

Since then, the GEF has provided over $17 billion in grants and mobilized an additional $88 billion in financing for more than 4000 projects in 170 countries.

Today, the GEF is an international partnership of 183 countries, international institutions, civil society organizations and the private sector that addresses global environmental issues. It is a

A UNIQUE PARTNERSHIP of 18 agencies — including United Nations agencies, multilateral development banks, national entities and international NGOs — working with 183 countries to address the world’s most challenging environmental issues. The GEF has a large network of civil society organizations, works closely with the private sector around the world, and receives continuous inputs from an independent evaluation office and a world-class scientific panel.

A FINANCIAL MECHANISM for 5 major international environmental conventions: the Minamata Convention on Mercury, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD), the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

AN INNOVATOR AND CATALYST that supports multi-stakeholder alliances to preserve threatened ecosystems on land and in the oceans, build greener cities, boost food security and promote clean energy for a more prosperous, climate-resilient world

Explanation:

• Black carbon is a major component of soot and is produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and biomass.
• It is emitted from various sources including diesel cars and trucks, residential stoves, forest fires, agricultural open burning and some industrial facilities.
• It has a warming impact on climate 460-1500 times stronger than CO2. Its lifetime varies from a few days to a few weeks.
• When deposited on ice and snow, black carbon causes both atmospheric warming and an increase of melting rate.
• It also influences cloud formation and impacts regional circulation and rainfall patterns.
• In addition, black carbon impacts human health.
• Black carbon is always emitted with co-pollutant particles, such as organic carbon and sulphates, which can have a neutral or even cooling effect on the climate.
• The ratio of black carbon to its co-pollutants varies depending upon the emission source and fuel-type, and impacts whether the source has a net-positive or negative warming effect.
• For example, emissions from diesel engines have a high proportion of black carbon to cooling co-pollutants, whereas emissions from wildfires and the open-burning of biomass contain a more balanced ratio

Explanation:

Names of Tropical cyclone:

• Hurricane in Caribbean island and east coast region of USA.
• South china sea region: In China – Typhoons, In Japan – Taifu, in Philippines – Baguio
• Australia – Willy willy
• Indian ocean – Cyclones