Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – January 19, 2018

Statement 1 is incorrect. Entre ports are collection centres where the goods are brought from different countries for export. Ports of Call are the ports which originally developed as calling points on main sea routes where ships used to anchor for refuelling, watering and taking food items.

Statement 2 is correct. Packet stations are exclusively concerned with the transportation of passengers and mail across water bodies covering short distances. These stations occur in pairs located in such a way that they face each other across the water body.

Bosphorus is a natural strait connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, thus being a very strategic waterway. It forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia, and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey.

The Dardanelles strait connects the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean.

The Bab-el-Mandeb or Mandeb Strait is a strait located between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula, and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. It connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden.

The Strait of Gibraltar is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea.

Eight core industries viz. Coal, Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Petroleum Refinery Products, Fertilizers, Steel, Cement and Electricity. The eight Core Industries comprise nearly 37.9 % of the weight of items included in the Index of Industrial Production (IIP).

Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is released by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

Source: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=167031

World’s largest nature conservation organisation BirdLife International has recognised three more Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs), Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary, Navelim Wetlands and Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary which have been recognised by BirdLife International as priority sites for bird and bird habitat conservation in Goa.

A metamorphic rock is a result of a transformation of a pre-existing rock. The original rock is subjected to very high heat and pressure, which cause obvious physical and/or chemical changes. Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been changed from one rock type (Sedimentary, Metamorphic, and Igneous) into another rock type.

Statement 1 is correct. Chemical combination of water molecules with a particular substance or mineral leading to a change in structure is an example of hydration as chemical weathering. Physical weathering is caused by the effects of changing temperature on rocks, causing the rock to break apart. The process is sometimes assisted by water.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Mechanical is breakdown of rocks and soils through heat, water, ice and pressure. This can occur in arid areas.

Statement 3 is correct. Biotic weathering is any type of weathering that is caused by living organisms. Most often the culprits of biotic weathering are plant roots. These roots can extend downward, deep into rock cracks in search of water, and nutrients. In the process they act as a wedge, widening and extending the cracks.

Statement 1 is correct. As the outer core is liquid, S wave cannot pass through it. The inner core is solid, and P waves pass through the core. By analyzing S- wave we can understand that outer core is liquid.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Traveling through the interior of the earth, body waves arrive before the surface waves emitted by an earthquake. The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. This is the fastest. P wave can move through solid rock and fluids. The second type of body wave is the S wave or secondary wave and can only move through solid rock.

Statement 3 is correct. P waves are faster than S waves.