Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon- July 27

Statement C is incorrect because the plan aims  to eliminate malaria (zero indigenous cases) by 2022 in all Category 1 and 2 districts. The remaining districts are to be brought under a pre-elimination and elimination programme.

Rest of the statement is correct.

Important Points about NSP:

• The NSP, a year-wise roadmap for malaria elimination across the country, is based on last year’s National Framework for Malaria Elimination, which was, in turn, spurred by World Health Organisation’s Global Technical Strategy for Malaria, 2016-2030.
• The NSP divides the country into four categories, from 0 to 3.
• Zero, the first category, has 75 districts that have not reported any case of malaria for the last three years.
• Category 1 has 448 districts, in which the annual parasite incidence (API, or the number of positive slides for the parasite in a year) is less than one per 1,000 population.
• In Category 2, which has 48 districts, the API is one and above, but less than two per 1,000 population.
• Category 3 has 107 districts, reporting an API of two and above per 1,000 population.
• The plan has four components, based on WHO recommendations: diagnosis and case management; surveillance and epidemic response; prevention — integrated vector management; ‘cross-cutting’ interventions, which include advocacy, communication, research and development, and other initiatives.

Statement 1 is incorrect because the  program is launched by National Highways authority of India(NHAI)

Statement 2 and 3 is correct.

• FASTag is a device that employs Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for making toll payments directly from the prepaid account linked to it.
• It is affixed on the windscreen of your vehicle and enables you to drive through toll plazas.
• FASTag has a validity of 5 years and after purchasing it, you only need to recharge/ top up the FASTag as per your requirement.
• FASTag offers near non-stop movement of vehicles through toll plazas and the convenience of cashless payment of toll fee with nation-wide interoperable Electronic Toll Collection Services.

Option C is correct

• eVIN (Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network) is an indigenously developed technology system in India that digitizes vaccine stocks and monitors the temperature of the cold chain through a smartphone application.
• The innovative eVIN is presently being implemented called across twelve states in India.
• eVIN aims to support the Government of India’s Universal Immunization Programme by providing real-time information on vaccine stocks and flows, and storage temperatures across all cold chain points in these states.
• The technological innovation is implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

2 and 3 is not correctly Matched .Below here is the explanation for various type of chromosomal disorder

Chromosomal disorders are a result of an alteration in genetic material. These alterations can be grouped into three categories: error in number, deletions and point mutations.

Error in the number of chromosomes (too many or too few) includes the following disorders:

• Down’s syndrome or trisomy 21: The individual has an extra chromosome 21.
• Trisomy 18 or Edwards’s syndrome: The individual has an extra chromosome 18.
• Trisomy 13 or Patau syndrome: The individual has an extra chromosome 13
• Turner’s syndrome: Girls with Turner syndrome have one X chromosome and are missing all or part of the other X chromosome
• Klinefelter syndrome: Boys with Klinefelter syndrome have two, or occasionally more, X chromosomes along with their Y chromosome.

Explanation:

• The study of the young, Sun-like star Kappa Ceti shows that a magnetic field plays a key role in making a planet conducive to life.
• Like other stars its age, Kappa Ceti is very magnetically active. Its surface is blotched with many giant starspots, like sunspots but larger and more numerous.
• It also propels a steady stream of plasma, or ionised gases, out into space. The researchers found that this stellar wind is 50 times stronger than our Sun’s solar wind.
• Such fierce stellar wind would batter the atmosphere of any planet in the habitable zone, unless that planet was shielded by a magnetic field, researchers said.
• At the extreme, a planet without a magnetic field could lose most of its atmosphere. In our solar system, the planet Mars suffered this fate and turned from a world warm enough for briny oceans to a cold, dry desert.

LIGO is the world’s largest gravitational wave observatory and a cutting edge physics experiment. Comprised of two enormous laser interferometers located thousands of kilometers apart, LIGO exploits the physical properties of light and of space itself to detect and understand the origins of gravitational waves

What is interferometer?

Interferometers are investigative tools used in many fields of science and engineering. They are called interferometers because they work by merging two or more sources of light to create an interference pattern, which can be measured and analyzed; hence “Interfere-ometer”. The interference patterns generated by interferometers contain information about the object or phenomenon being studied. They are often used to make very small measurements that are not achievable any other way. This is why they are so powerful for detecting gravitational waves–LIGO’s interferometers are designed to measure a distance 1/10,000th the width of a proton.

Both the statement are incorrect.

The definition of statement 1 applies to augmented reality

Statement 2 is incorrect because Saakar is augmented reality application not a virtual reality

Important learning: 

Virtual reality replaces the real world with the artificial while the augmented reality enhances the real life with artificial images and add graphic sounds and smell to the natural world,as it exist.

Example of Augmented reality is Pokemon GO,Saakar

About Saakar:

• Sakaar is ISRO’s Augmented reality application designed for android devices
• This AR application shows live camera view on your device to represent physical world and virtual objects are superimposed on live camera view upon pointing the device camera at trigger card
• The virtual object can consist of 3D model and anaglyph images