Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon- September 20

The FAME India Scheme is aimed at incentivising all vehicle segments i.e. 2 Wheeler, 3 Wheeler Auto, Passenger 4 Wheeler Vehicle, Light Commercial Vehicles and Buses. The scheme covers Hybrid & Electric technologies like Mild Hybrid, Strong Hybrid, Plug in Hybrid & Battery Electric Vehicles.

The FAME India scheme was launched in 2015 under National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) with an aim to promote eco-friendly vehicles in the country. Its objective is to provide fiscal and monetary incentives for adoption and market creation of both hybrid and electric technologies vehicles.

• ‘Bali Declaration’ adopted at the ‘World Parliamentary Forum on Sustainable Development’, in Indonesia.
• The declaration went on to “call on all parties to contribute to the restoration of stability and security, exercise maximum self-restraint from using violent means.
• It claimed to respect the human rights of all people in Rakhine State regardless of their faith and ethnicity, as well as facilitate safe access for humanitarian assistance.
• India objected spoke of the forum expressing deep concern on the ongoing violence in the Rakhine State of Myanmar.
•  India repeated its stance that the purpose of convening the parliamentary forum was to arrive at a mutual consensus for implementation of SDGs.
• Never before country specific issues have been included in the declaration as these dilute the objective of these forums.

• Election of President and its manner and Representation of states in parliament requires special majority and consent of states.

: Since 1950, the provisions regarding the joint sitting of the two houses has been invoked only thrice. The bills that have been passed at joint sittings are:

1. Dowry prohibition Bill, 1960.
2. Banking Service Commission Bill, 1977.

3. Prevention of terrorism bill, 2002.

Statement 1 is correct:

• The offices of the leader of the House and leader of opposition are not mentioned in the constitution of India, they are mentioned in the rules of the house and parliamentary statute respectively. The leader of opposition in LokSabha and RajyaSabha were given statutory recognition in 1977.

Statement 2 is incorrect:

• The office of ‘whip’, on the other hand, is neither mentioned in the constitution of India nor in the rules of the house nor in parliamentary statute. It is based on conventions of the parliamentary government.

Statement 3 is Correct:

• Every political party whether ruling or opposition has its own whip in the parliament.

All the above statements are correct:

There are limitations imposed by Article 19(2) to 19(6) on the freedoms guaranteed by Arts. 19(1) (a) to (g). They specify that freedoms are not absolute but are subject to regulation. These articles also put a limitation on the power of a legislature to restrict these freedoms. Legislature cannot impose more limitations than prescribed under these provisions.

Essential elements of these restrictions are as follows:

1. Restrictions can be imposed only by or under the authority of law. Restrictions cannot be imposed by the executive action without legal authority.
2. The restriction must be ‘reasonable’.
3. Restriction must be related to the purpose specifically mentioned in these clauses.
4. The judiciary has power to test the validity of these restrictions on two grounds, firstly-whether the restriction is reasonable or secondly whether it is for the purpose mentioned in the clause under which the restriction is being imposed? Legislative determination as to reasonableness is not final and it is subjected to judicial scrutiny.

Article 19(2) was amended in 1951 and the State was allowed to make laws with the object of imposing reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by Article 19(1)(a) in the interests of

1. Security of State,
2. Friendly relations with foreign states,
3. Public order,
4. Decency or morality
5. In relation to Contempt of court
6. Defamation
7. Incitement to an offence.
8. Sovereignty and integrity of India ( This ground is added in Article 19(2) by Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963)

• Statement 1 is incorrect:Habeas Corpus literally means ‘to have the body of’. Via this writ, the court can cause any person who has been detained or imprisoned to be physically broughtbefore the court. This writ can be issued against both public authorities as well as individuals.
• Statement 2 is correct: Mandamus means “we command”.  This writ is a command issued by court to a public official, public body, corporation, inferior court, tribunal or government asking them to perform their duties which they have refused to perform. Mandamus cannot be issued against the following:a private individual or private body, if the duty in question is discretionary and not mandatory, against president or governors of state, against a working chief justice, to enforce some kind of private contract.
• Statement 3 is correct: The writ of prohibition means that the Supreme Court and High Courts may prohibit the lower courts such as special tribunals, magistrates, commissions, and other judiciary officers who are doing something which exceeds to their jurisdiction or acting contrary to the rule of natural justice. For example if a judicial officer has personal interest in a case, it may hamper the decision and the course of natural justice.While Mandamus can be issued against any public official, public body, corporation, inferior court, tribunal or government; prohibition can be issued only against judicial and quasi-judicial authorities and NOT against administrative authorities, legislative bodies
• Statement 4 is Incorrect: Quo warranto means “by what warrant”? This writ is issued to enquire into legality of the claim of a person or public office. It restrains the person or authority to act in an office which he / she is not entitled to; and thus stops usurpation of public office by anyone. This writ is applicable to the public offices only and not to private offices.