Geography Quiz: Revision | 11 July, 2021

The drainage pattern was already present before a period of uplift and folding that formed the present structure.

• As the uplift took place, the rivers were able to cut down at approximately the same rate and so maintain their courses.
• This process is called antecedence and the drainage system thus developed is called antecedent drainage.
• Many of the Himalayan Rivers have antecedent origin i.e. these rivers existed even before the Himalayan ranges were uplifted.

• These rivers originate in the Tibetan side beyond the mountain ranges of Himalayas. The Indus, Satluj, Alaknanda, Gandak, Kosi, Brahmaputra all has an antecedent origin.
• Since these rivers are antecedent, they run transverse to the mountain ranges cutting deep V-shaped, steep-sided valleys (deep gorges).

Source: NCERT XI – India Physical Environment

Jog Falls, also called Gersoppa Falls, cataract of the Sharavati River, western Karnataka state, southwestern India.

The Jog Falls are located 18 miles (29 km) upstream from Honavar at the river’s mouth on the Arabian Sea.

Source: NCERT – XI India Physical Environment

Source: Oriental Black Swan Atlas 

Manganese is not found as a free element in nature. It is often found in combination with iron. The most important manganese ore is pyrolusite. Manganese is primarily used in iron and steel industry.

• Andhra Pradesh: 13% of India’s manganese production comes from this state. Cuddapah, Vijayanagaram and Guntur are other manganese producing districts.
• Karnataka: 6 per cent of India’s manganese comes from this state. Uttara Kannada, Shimoga, Bellary, Chitradurg and Tumkur districts are manganese producing districts.
• Madhya Pradesh: It produces about 27.59 per cent of India’s manganese ore. The main belt extends in Balaghat and Chhindwara districts. It is just an extension of the Nagpur Bhandara belt of Maharashtra.

Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy

Important Buddhist sites in India. 

Source: Maps of India 

A landlocked country is a country which has no connection to a sea or ocean.

• There are 17 landlocked countries in Europe: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Kosovo, Czech Republic, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland and Vatican City.
• Liechtenstein is unique in Europe because it is doubly-landlocked meaning it is both landlocked and surrounded by countries which are also landlocked, a situation it only shares with Uzbekistan which is the second country in the world surrounded only by landlocked countries (Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan).

Source: Oxford Atlas

Earthquake waves are basically of two types — body waves and surface waves. Body waves are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and move in all directions travelling through the body of the earth. Hence, the name body waves.

• The body waves interact with the surface rocks and generate new set of waves called surface waves. These waves move along the surface.
• The velocity of waves changes as they travel through materials with different densities. The denser the material, the higher is the velocity.

• Their direction also changes as they reflect or refract when coming across materials with different densities.
• There are two types of body waves. They are called P and S-waves. P-waves move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface. These are also called ‘primary waves.
• The P-waves are similar to sound waves. They travel through gaseous, liquid and solid materials.
• S-waves arrive at the surface with some time lag. These are called secondary waves. An important fact about S-waves is that they can travel only through solid materials.

Source: NCERT – XI Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Union Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated the Sisseri River Bridge at Lower Dibang Valley in Arunachal Pradesh and called for bolstering the border infrastructure, saying that national security is the topmost priority of the government.

The 200-metre-long bridge between Jonai-Pasighat-Ranaghat-Roing roads will provide connectivity between Dibang Valley and Siang to meet the long-pending demand of the people of Arunachal Pradesh as it would cut down the travel time from Pasighat to Roing by about five hours.

Source: The Hindu

The highest tides in the world occur in the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia, Canada.

• The tidal bulge is 15 – 16 m. Because there are two high tides and two low tides every day (roughly a 24-hour period); then a tide must come in within about a six-hour period.
• As a rough estimate, the tide rises about 240 cm an hour (1,440 cm divided by 6 hours).

Source: NCERT – XI Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Namib Desert: the Namib Desert is a direct result of the Benguela Current.

• Seamounts near to the coastline beneath the Atlantic’s surface cause the icy Benguela River to flow very close to the Namibian coast.
• This causes a harsh coastal climate with very little rainfall.

Atacama Desert: Cold Ocean currents contribute to the formation of coastal deserts.

• Air blowing toward shore, chilled by contact with cold water, produces a layer of fog. This heavy fog drifts onto land.
• The Atacama Desert, on the Pacific shores of Chile, is a coastal desert.

• Some areas of the Atacama are often covered by fog. But the region can go decades without rainfall. In fact, the Atacama Desert is the driest place on Earth.

Gobi Desert: Interior deserts, which are found in the heart of continents, exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them.

• By the time air masses from coastal areas reach the interior, they have lost all their moisture. Interior deserts are sometimes called inland deserts.
• The Gobi Desert, in China and Mongolia, lays hundreds of kilometers from the ocean. Winds that reach the Gobi have long since lost their moisture.
• The Gobi is also in the rain shadow of the Himalaya Mountains to the south.

Source: National Geographic Channel