India should consider granting dual citizenship to diaspora

Source: The post India should consider granting dual citizenship to diaspora has been created, based on the article “Dual citizenship is an idea whose time has come” published in “Indian Express” on 2 April 2025. India should consider granting dual citizenship to diaspora.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper3-Indian diaspora.

Context: In the last 50 years, global migration has surged, and India has played a central role. As the world’s top recipient of remittances and the country with the largest diaspora, India must reassess its relationship with its overseas citizens. The upcoming 25th anniversary of the High-Level Committee’s report has renewed discussions on granting dual citizenshipto Indians abroad.

For detailed information on Arguments related to Dual Citizenship read this article here

Importance of Indian Diaspora for the Indian Economy

1. The Indian diaspora is vital for the economy, mainly through the flow of remittances.
2. India receives around $130 billion annually in remittances, far more than the $42 billion from foreign direct investment (FDI).
3. These funds help cover India’s trade and current account deficits and strengthen foreign exchange reserves.
4. The source of remittances has shifted from the Gulf to advanced economies, showing a change in the diaspora’s economic profile.
5. This financial contribution is substantial and greater than other inflows, proving the economic value of Indians abroad.

India’s Policy Response So Far

1. In 2005, India launched the Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) scheme, based on the 2001 High-Level Committee’s recommendation.
2. The committee had found that dual citizenship was legally and constitutionally feasible, and could strengthen the diaspora’s connection with India.
3. However, OCI does not provide full rights — it excludes voting, public office, and ownership of agricultural land.
4. It can also be revoked, which makes it feel like a privilege rather than a right.
5. As a result, many Indians abroad see OCI as “second-class” citizenship.

Reasons for the Demand for True Dual Citizenship

1. Global migration has tripled in the last five decades. India has the largest diaspora — over 3.5 crore Indians live abroad.
2. Their $130 billion annual remittances play a major role in supporting India’s economy.
3. Many migrants are forced to renounce Indian citizenship due to legal and practical needs in their host countries. Dual citizenship would offer them legal stability and emotional assurance.
4. The OCI scheme does not meet these needs, as it lacks political rights and can be withdrawn arbitrarily.
5. Many countries offer dual citizenship with restrictions, balancing national security with diaspora inclusion.

Benefits of Granting Dual Citizenship

1. Stronger Economic Ties: Dual citizenship would encourage remittances and maintain a positive economic linkwith India.
2. Legal Security: Indians abroad would enjoy greater protection for their property and personal rights.
3. Emotional Connection: It would reduce the emotional difficulty of giving up Indian citizenship and strengthen loyalty to India.
4. Skill and Knowledge Transfer: Dual citizens could bring their expertise and experience to benefit India’s growth.
5. Identity Recognition: It would acknowledge the dual identities of global Indians, helping them feel respected and connected.

Question for practice:

Discuss the importance of granting dual citizenship to the Indian diaspora in the context of their economic and emotional contributions to India.