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Source: The post is based on the article “Preserving tribal culture: Odisha’s Special Development Councils model is worth emulating” published in The Hindu on 1st August 2023.
Syllabus: GS 1 – Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
News: The author discusses how tribal cultures are fading due to modern development. The Central government’s development projects don’t consider tribal cultures. The Odisha government’s Special Development Councils (SDCs) initiative helps preserve tribal culture while promoting development.
Why is tribal culture fading in India?
Tribal culture in India is fading due to:
Modern development: Societies adopting global norms overshadow tribal cultures.
Central government projects: These have a one-size-fits-all approach, not considering tribal customs.
Focus on development: Programs like the Aspirational Districts Programme prioritize development over cultural context. For instance, except Odisha, other states follow the Central government’s approach which doesn’t prioritize tribal culture.
This has led to a decline in the richness and diversity of tribal traditions.
How is Odisha government’s Special Development Councils (SDCs) initiative helpful in preserving tribal culture?
The Odisha government’s Special Development Councils (SDCs) initiative aids in preserving tribal culture through:
Languages:
Odisha has over 22 tribal languages. The SDCs promote the use and spread of these languages.
Example: 21 tribal proficiency centres have been set up to educate people about tribal culture and dialect.
Sacred Groves:
These are vital for tribal culture and religion.
Data: 4,500 groves were near extinction. Now, 4,730 groves are protected in nine districts.
Artisan Support:
Recognizing tribal artisans helps in preserving their craft.
Data: 40,000 tribal artisans received ID cards, ensuring both cultural preservation and job opportunities.
Tribal Resource Centres:
They ensure knowledge transfer.
Data: Over 50 centres built in Sundargarh district, with more planned in other districts.
Representation:
The SDCs involve tribes in decision-making, preventing majoritarianism.
Example: The Councils have members from all tribal groups, including Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
By integrating development with cultural preservation, the SDCs initiative ensures that tribal culture thrives alongside progress.
What should be done?
Adopt the SDCs model: Central government should use Odisha’s SDCs approach for tribal areas.
Focus on Culture: Development projects should prioritize preserving tribal customs.
Inclusive Decision Making: All tribal groups, especially smaller ones, should be involved in decisions.
State Funding: Ensure projects are state funded to cater to local needs.
Expand to Other States: Apply Odisha model in tribal-dominated areas like Madhya Pradesh and Sikkim for effective preservation and development.
