POWER 50 · Day 35 — The United Nations: Charter, organs, record, reform — and India’s case for the permanent seat

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POWER 50 is fifty capsules across fifty days — the whole PSIR syllabus revised once, in the order the syllabus is actually built. One topic a day. Read the capsule, write the same day, don’t break the chain; the sequence is the method, not any single page. PSIR Dynamics 2026 and the PYQ Vault run alongside it, the Vault putting 560 previous-year questions in front of you across the same fifty days — about eleven a day.

Day 35 — The United Nations

I have put the whole organisation into a single pass. Part A traces the road to the Charter — the functional unions of 1865 and 1874, The Hague in 1899, the League, the Declaration of 1942, San Francisco — and then the four purposes and the five principles; Part B works through the six principal organs, giving the Assembly, the Security Council and the veto their due, and the International Court of Justice at length: consent, not compulsion; Namibia and Kulbhushan Jadhav; the limits. Part C is the record — collective security and the exact point at which it breaks, Palestine through to the Gulf War, the MDGs to the SDGs, and the failures to protect, from Rwanda and Srebrenica to Gaza. Part D is reform: Falk, Barnett, Sachs, Weiss, Ikenberry and Joel Ng on the need; Ezulwini, the G4, L69, CARICOM and Uniting for Consensus on the models; Guterres’s three pillars and Annan’s two routes to a twenty-four-member Council on what has actually been attempted. Part E is India’s case for the permanent seat — the objective basis, the points in its favour, the China factor, the amendment barrier, and Pant, Shyam Saran, Tharoor, Bhagavan and Aarshi Tirkey on why the seat has not come. The capsule closes with twelve previous-year questions from 2010 to 2023; eight of them turn on reform of the Council or on India’s seat.

Write before the evening:

  1. Discuss the structure and functions of UNSC. (UPSC 2023)
  2. Enumerate the challenges in the operation of the principles related to collective security in the UN Charter. (UPSC 2020)
  3. Explain the factors which justify India’s claim for a permanent seat at the UN Security Council. (UPSC 2022)

If you go blank on a point — the “Great Power unanimity” rule, the Ezulwini demand, the amendment threshold — it is developed in full in the Foundation and OGP class notes and handouts. Revise it, then write.

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