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Today’s brief covers three themes: Adam Smith and today’s deglobalising world, the Iran war and Gulf fragility, and India’s demographic dividend.
The first article by Anil Kumar Kanungo helps us to understand market, state and globalisation in context of Adam Smith’s views.
Shashi Tharoor’s article highlights the importance of West Asia and how it is directly linked to India’s economy and society.
The third article by Apoorva Jadhav reminds us that India’s demographic dividend will be decided not by numbers, but by governance.
UPSC has previously asked questions on these themes: GS-II 2025 on energy security in India’s Middle East policy; GS-III 2025 on maritime security for sea trade via Gulf ports; PSIR 2025 on trade, WTO, and Global South; and PSIR 2023 on India-Iran relations and the West Asia Quad.




