10 PM Current Affairs Quiz: May 25, 2020

All of the above provide monetary support to farmers.

Krishak Bandhu scheme is a financial assistance initiative to address distress sale by farmers of West Bengal.

Rythu Bandhu is a Farmers’ Investment Support Scheme of Telangana state.

KALIA scheme (Krushak Assistance for Livelihood and Income Augmentation) is farmer income support scheme of Odisha state.

Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojana (RGKNY) has been launched recently by Chhattisgarh government to provide income support to farmers.

Commission for Agricultural Costs & Prices (CACP) considers various factors before recommending Minimum Support prices:

Cost of production, overall demand-supply situations of various crops in domestic and world markets, domestic and international prices, inter-crop price parity, terms of trade between agriculture and nonagricultural sector, likely effect of price policy on rest of economy, rational utilization of land, water and other production resources and a minimum of 50 percent as the margin over cost of production.

The views of the farmer and farmer’s association are also considered by CACP before recommending MSP.

Statement 1 is correct. In adversarial legal system the prosecution and defence compete against each other, and the judge serves as a referee to ensure fairness to the accused, and that the legal rules criminal procedure followed. The judge presides over the trial and rules on disputed issues of procedure and evidence, asking questions of the witness only to clarify evidence, and concludes the trial by summing-up the facts.

Statement 2 is correct. Inquisitorial system is characterized by extensive pre-trial investigation and interrogations with the objective to avoid bringing an innocent person to trial. The inquisitorial process grants more power to the judge who oversees the process, whereas the judge in the adversarial system serves more as an arbiter between claims of the prosecution and defence.

Statement 1 is incorrect. PIL does not find direct mention in the constitution.

Statement 2 is incorrect. PIL can be filed in Supreme Court as well as High courts.

The first reported case of PIL in 1979, i.e. Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar focused on the inhuman conditions of prisons and under trial prisoners. In 1981 Justice P. N. Bhagwati in S. P. Gupta v. Union of India case adjudged that in public interest, any member of public file an application for an appropriate direction, order or writ in the High Court under Article 226 and in case any breach of fundamental rights of such persons, in this court (Supreme Court) under Article 32 seeking judicial redress for the legal wrong caused to such person.

Option 1 is correct. The United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO), also known as the San Francisco Conference, was held in 1945 in San Francisco, California, United States of America. It resulted in the development of UN charter; the United Nations did not come into existence at the signing of the Charter. In many countries the Charter had to be approved by their congresses or parliaments. On October 24, 1945, all conditions were fulfilled, and the United Nations came into existence.

Option 2 is correct. The Bretton Woods Institutions are the World Bank (IBRD) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). They were set up at a meeting of 44 countries in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, USA in July 1944.

Option 3 is incorrect. “Ten Principles of Bandung“, were proclaimed at Bandung Conference, 1955. Such principles were adopted later as the main goals and objectives of the policy of non-alignment. The fulfillment of those principles became the essential criterion for Non-Aligned Movement membership.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Breathalyzer test is used for estimating blood alcohol content (BAC) from a breath sample. It is often used by law enforcement agencies.

Statement 2 is correct. It only requires a breath sample; no blood sample is taken from the person being tested.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Galwan River originates in the area of Samzungling on the eastern side of the Karakoram Range and flows west to join the Shyok River, which is a tributary of Indus River.

Statement 2 is correct. The Galwan River flows through Aksai Chin, a territory in Ladakh, which is under Chinese occupation.

Statement 1 is correct. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a UN specialized agency, established in 1944 to manage the administration and governance of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention).

Statement 2 is incorrect. India is a member of ICAO and also currently a member of the Governing council.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Foreigners Tribunals are established as per the Foreigners’ Tribunal Order, 1964 and the Foreigners’ Act, 1946.

Statement 2 is incorrect. As per the Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, 1964 (amended in 2019) the Central Government or the State Government or the Union territory administration or the District Collector or the District Magistrate may, by order, refer the question as to whether a person is not a foreigner within the meaning of the Foreigners Act, 1946, to a Tribunal to be constituted for the purpose, for its opinion.

Statement 1 is incorrect. It is a UN commission looking into establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (M) from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.

Statement 2 is correct. The commission is established as per the UNCLOS mandate and its functions are also provided by the annex to the convention, which are:

-To consider the data and other material submitted by coastal States concerning the outer limits of the continental shelf in areas where those limits extend beyond 200 nautical miles.

-To provide scientific and technical advice, if requested by the coastal State concerned during preparation of such data.