10 PM Current Affairs Quiz : October 23

Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession, Practice and Propagation of Religion –

Statement 1 is incorrect as Article 25 says that all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice and propagate religion.

Statement 2 is incorrect as under Article 25, there is:

1. Freedom of conscience : Inner freedom of an individual to mold his relation with God, etc. in whatever way he desires.

2. Right to profess : Declare one’s religious beliefs and faith openly and freely.

3. Right to practice : Perform religious worship, rituals, ceremonies and exhibition of beliefs and ideas.

4. Right to propagate : Transmission and dissemination of one’s religious beliefs to others or exposition of the tenets of one’s religion.

5. However, it does not include a right to convert another person to one’s own religion.

6. Forcible conversions impinge on the ‘freedom of conscience’ guaranteed to all the persons alike.

Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act defines a child as a person under age of 18 years. Thus, statement 1 is incorrect.

It encompasses the biological age of the child and silent on the mental age considerations. Thus, statement 2 is correct.

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO Act) 2012 was formulated in order to effectively address sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children. The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 received the President’s assent on 19th June 2012 and was notified in the Gazette of India on 20th June, 2012.

Objectives:

• The Act defines different forms of sexual abuse, including penetrative and non-penetrative assault, as well as sexual harassment and pornography.
• The Act also casts the police in the role of child protectors during the investigative process
• The Act further makes provisions for avoiding the re-victimisation of the child at the hands of the judicial system.
• It provides for special courts that conduct the trial in-camera and without revealing the identity of the child, in a manner that is as child-friendly as possible.
• Above all, the Act stipulates that a case of child sexual abuse must be disposed of within one year from the date the offence is reported.

The agreement as a whole is not legally binding and does not penalise nations who fail to meet their commitments. Thus, statement 1 is correct.

But it does impose an obligation on countries to implement their plans and includes a review process designed to pressure them into compliance and to increase the scope of their efforts every five years. Thus, statement 2 is correct.

Paris Climate Agreement is an agreement within the UNFCCC dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020.The aim is to limit global temperature rise to two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by 2100.This level is considered a crucial tipping point, above which there will be serious consequences for global food production and more frequent and dangerous climate events, such as flooding and drought. To achieve this, global greenhouse gas emissions will need to be cut by an estimated 40-70 percent by 2050, and by 2100 the planet must be carbon-neutral. Under the Paris accord, each country must submit its own plan to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and address the impact of climate change.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific and intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations. Thus, statement 1 is correct.

The IPCC does not carry out its own original research, nor does it do the work of monitoring climate or related phenomena itself. Thus, statement 2 is incorrect.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in recognition of the problem of global warming. Through the IPCC, climate experts from around the world synthesize the most recent climate science findings every five to seven years and present their report to the world’s political leaders.

Statement 1 is incorrect. National Park situated in Odisha’s Kendrapara district

Statement 2 is correct. The park is home to Saltwater Crocodile. White Crocodile, and Indian python. King Cobra, black ibis, and many other species of flora and fauna. Bhitarakanika continues to be one of the best natural abode for the estuarine crocodile

Statement 1 is correct. National parks in India are IUCN category II protected areas.

Statement 2 is incorrect. India’s first national park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, now known as Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand.

Statement 1 is correct. A mangrove is a shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water

Statement 2 is correct. They are adapted to the low oxygen (anoxic) conditions of waterlogged mud.