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Daily Quiz: October 7, 2020
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- Question 1 of 10
1. Question
1 pointsCategory: current affairsVaccine(s) is/are available for which of the following disease(s)?
1. Hepatitis A
2. Hepatitis B
3. Hepatitis C
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. When the liver is inflamed or damaged, its function can be affected. The common hepatitis viruses are hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus.
Hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C are liver infections caused by three different viruses. Although each can cause similar symptoms, they are spread in different ways and can affect the liver differently.
Hepatitis A is usually a short-term infection. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C can also begin as short-term infections, but in some people, the virus remains in the body and causes chronic (long-term) infection. There are vaccines to prevent hepatitis A and hepatitis B; however, there is no vaccine for hepatitis C.Incorrect
Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. When the liver is inflamed or damaged, its function can be affected. The common hepatitis viruses are hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus.
Hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C are liver infections caused by three different viruses. Although each can cause similar symptoms, they are spread in different ways and can affect the liver differently.
Hepatitis A is usually a short-term infection. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C can also begin as short-term infections, but in some people, the virus remains in the body and causes chronic (long-term) infection. There are vaccines to prevent hepatitis A and hepatitis B; however, there is no vaccine for hepatitis C. - Question 2 of 10
2. Question
1 pointsCategory: current affairsConsider the following statements regarding diagnostic tests:
1. A test with high Sensitivity correctly identifies patients who do not have the disease.
2. A test with high Specificity correctly identifies patients infected with the disease.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
The definitions of Sensitivity and Specificity have been interchanged in the statements.
The sensitivity of a test (also called the true positive rate) is defined as the proportion of people with the disease who will have a positive result. A highly sensitive test is one that correctly identifies patients with a disease.
The specificity of a test (also called the true negative Rate) is the proportion of people without the disease who will have a negative result. The specificity of a test refers to how well a test identifies patients who do not have a disease.Incorrect
The definitions of Sensitivity and Specificity have been interchanged in the statements.
The sensitivity of a test (also called the true positive rate) is defined as the proportion of people with the disease who will have a positive result. A highly sensitive test is one that correctly identifies patients with a disease.
The specificity of a test (also called the true negative Rate) is the proportion of people without the disease who will have a negative result. The specificity of a test refers to how well a test identifies patients who do not have a disease. - Question 3 of 10
3. Question
1 pointsCategory: current affairsConsider the following statements regarding the COVID-19 RT-PCR test:
1. Real time RT–PCR is a nuclear-derived method for detecting the presence of specific genetic material.
2. The test uses sample from the upper and lower respiratory system.
3. The real time RT–PCR cannot be used to detect past infections.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is correct. Real time RT–PCR is a nuclear-derived method for detecting the presence of specific genetic material in any pathogen, including a virus.
In order for an RNA virus like the COVID-19 virus to be detected early in the body using real time RT–PCR, scientists need to convert the RNA to DNA (because only DNA can be copied or amplified). This is a process called ‘reverse transcription’. Scientists amplify a specific part of the transcribed viral DNA hundreds of thousands of times to accurately confirm that the virus is present.
Statement 2 is correct. The RT-PCR test for the qualitative detection of nucleic acid from SARS-CoV-2 in upper and lower respiratory specimens (such as nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs, sputum, lower respiratory tract aspirates, bronchoalveolar lavage, and nasopharyngeal wash/aspirate) collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19.
Statement 3 is correct. The real time RT–PCR cannot be used to detect past infections it can only detect the current infections.Incorrect
Statement 1 is correct. Real time RT–PCR is a nuclear-derived method for detecting the presence of specific genetic material in any pathogen, including a virus.
In order for an RNA virus like the COVID-19 virus to be detected early in the body using real time RT–PCR, scientists need to convert the RNA to DNA (because only DNA can be copied or amplified). This is a process called ‘reverse transcription’. Scientists amplify a specific part of the transcribed viral DNA hundreds of thousands of times to accurately confirm that the virus is present.
Statement 2 is correct. The RT-PCR test for the qualitative detection of nucleic acid from SARS-CoV-2 in upper and lower respiratory specimens (such as nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs, sputum, lower respiratory tract aspirates, bronchoalveolar lavage, and nasopharyngeal wash/aspirate) collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19.
Statement 3 is correct. The real time RT–PCR cannot be used to detect past infections it can only detect the current infections. - Question 4 of 10
4. Question
1 pointsCategory: current affairsConsider the following statements:
1. The AYUSH products are regulated under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940.
2. The AYUSH Ministry has released the Clinical Management Protocol based on Ayurveda and Yoga for the management of COVID-19.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is correct. The AYUSH products are regulated under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 by the Drugs Controller General of India through the State Governments.
Statement 2 is correct. The National Clinical Management Protocol based on Ayurveda and Yoga for the management of Covid-19 has been released recently as per the Report & Recommendations of the Interdisciplinary Committee.
The AYUSH Ministry has also setup an Interdisciplinary Committee for Integration of Ayurveda and Yoga Interventions in the ‘National Clinical Management Protocol: COVID-19, which was chaired by Dr V M Katoch, former Director General ICMR and group of experts.Incorrect
Statement 1 is correct. The AYUSH products are regulated under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 by the Drugs Controller General of India through the State Governments.
Statement 2 is correct. The National Clinical Management Protocol based on Ayurveda and Yoga for the management of Covid-19 has been released recently as per the Report & Recommendations of the Interdisciplinary Committee.
The AYUSH Ministry has also setup an Interdisciplinary Committee for Integration of Ayurveda and Yoga Interventions in the ‘National Clinical Management Protocol: COVID-19, which was chaired by Dr V M Katoch, former Director General ICMR and group of experts. - Question 5 of 10
5. Question
1 pointsCategory: current affairsThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 has been awarded for which of the following discovery/research?
1. The discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity
2. The discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy
3. The discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Option 1 and 2 are correct. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 with
–one half to Roger Penrose “for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity”;
–other half jointly to Michel Mayor and Andrea Ghez “for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy”.
Option 3 is incorrect. Part of Nobel Prize in Physics 2019 was awarded to James Peebles “for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology” and Michel Mayor “for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star”.Incorrect
Option 1 and 2 are correct. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 with
–one half to Roger Penrose “for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity”;
–other half jointly to Michel Mayor and Andrea Ghez “for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy”.
Option 3 is incorrect. Part of Nobel Prize in Physics 2019 was awarded to James Peebles “for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology” and Michel Mayor “for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star”. - Question 6 of 10
6. Question
1 pointsCategory: current affairsConsider the following statements regarding Black Holes:
1. The ‘event horizon’ is the boundary defining the region of space around a black hole from which not even light can escape.
2. Black holes can form when the center of a massive star collapses-in upon itself.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is correct. A black hole is an astronomical object with a gravitational pull so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape it. A black hole’s “surface,” called its event horizon, defines the boundary within which the velocity needed to escape exceeds the speed of light, which is the speed limit of the cosmos. Matter and radiation fall in, but they can’t get out.
Statement 2 is correct. The smallest ones are known as primordial black holes. These are thought to have formed in the early universe, soon after the big bang.
The most common type of medium-sized black holes is called stellar black holes. These black holes form when the center of a very massive star collapses in upon itself. This collapse also causes a supernova, or an exploding star, that blasts part of the star into space.
The largest black holes are called supermassive. Scientists think supermassive black holes formed at the same time as the galaxy they are in. The size of the supermassive black hole is related to the size and mass of the galaxy it is in.Incorrect
Statement 1 is correct. A black hole is an astronomical object with a gravitational pull so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape it. A black hole’s “surface,” called its event horizon, defines the boundary within which the velocity needed to escape exceeds the speed of light, which is the speed limit of the cosmos. Matter and radiation fall in, but they can’t get out.
Statement 2 is correct. The smallest ones are known as primordial black holes. These are thought to have formed in the early universe, soon after the big bang.
The most common type of medium-sized black holes is called stellar black holes. These black holes form when the center of a very massive star collapses in upon itself. This collapse also causes a supernova, or an exploding star, that blasts part of the star into space.
The largest black holes are called supermassive. Scientists think supermassive black holes formed at the same time as the galaxy they are in. The size of the supermassive black hole is related to the size and mass of the galaxy it is in. - Question 7 of 10
7. Question
1 pointsCategory: current affairsWhich of the following is/are types of Ecosystem Services derived from nature?
1. Provisioning Services
2. Regulating Services
3. Cultural Services
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
: The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a major UN-sponsored effort to analyze the impact of human actions on ecosystems and human well-being, defined Ecosystem Services as “the benefits people derive from ecosystems” and identified four major categories of ecosystem services: provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services.
Provisioning services are: The products obtained from ecosystems, including, for example, genetic resources, food and fiber, and fresh water.
Regulating services are: The benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes, including, for example, the regulation of climate, water, and some human diseases.
Cultural services are: The non-material benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experience, including, e.g., knowledge systems, social relations, and aesthetic values.
Supporting services are: Ecosystem services that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services. Some examples include biomass production, production of atmospheric oxygen, soil formation and retention, nutrient cycling, water cycling, and provisioning of habitat.
# Ecosystem services provided by New Delhi’s National Zoological Park are estimated to have generated Rs 422.76 crore in 2019-20 as per the study by the Energy and Resources Institute commissioned by Central Zoo Authority.Incorrect
: The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a major UN-sponsored effort to analyze the impact of human actions on ecosystems and human well-being, defined Ecosystem Services as “the benefits people derive from ecosystems” and identified four major categories of ecosystem services: provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services.
Provisioning services are: The products obtained from ecosystems, including, for example, genetic resources, food and fiber, and fresh water.
Regulating services are: The benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes, including, for example, the regulation of climate, water, and some human diseases.
Cultural services are: The non-material benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experience, including, e.g., knowledge systems, social relations, and aesthetic values.
Supporting services are: Ecosystem services that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services. Some examples include biomass production, production of atmospheric oxygen, soil formation and retention, nutrient cycling, water cycling, and provisioning of habitat.
# Ecosystem services provided by New Delhi’s National Zoological Park are estimated to have generated Rs 422.76 crore in 2019-20 as per the study by the Energy and Resources Institute commissioned by Central Zoo Authority. - Question 8 of 10
8. Question
1 pointsCategory: current affairsConsider the following statements regarding the Central Zoo Authority (CZA):
1. It is a statutory body under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
2. No zoo can be operated in India without being recognised by the CZA.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is correct. The Central Zoo Authority was established as a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment & Forests by the Government of India in the year 1992 by adding a separate chapter in the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The Authority consists of a Chairman, ten members and a Member Secretary.
Statement 2 is correct. Its functions include recognizing or derecognizing zoos and further Section 38H(1) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 provides that ‘no zoo shall be operated without being recognised by the CZA’.Incorrect
Statement 1 is correct. The Central Zoo Authority was established as a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment & Forests by the Government of India in the year 1992 by adding a separate chapter in the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The Authority consists of a Chairman, ten members and a Member Secretary.
Statement 2 is correct. Its functions include recognizing or derecognizing zoos and further Section 38H(1) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 provides that ‘no zoo shall be operated without being recognised by the CZA’. - Question 9 of 10
9. Question
1 pointsCategory: current affairsConsider the following statements regarding the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI):
1. It is part of the COVAX pillar of the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator.
2. It has launched a Global network of Laboratories for centralized assessment of COVID-19 Vaccines.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is correct. COVAX is the vaccines pillar of the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator
The ACT Accelerator is a ground-breaking global collaboration to accelerate the development, production, and equitable access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines.
COVAX is co-led by Gavi, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and WHO. Its aim is to accelerate the development and manufacture of COVID-19 vaccines, and to guarantee fair and equitable access for every country in the world.
Statement 2 is correct. The international non-profit, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) has launched a ‘Global network of Laboratories for centralized assessment of COVID-19 Vaccines’.
The clinical sample testing laboratories selected for this collaborative vaccine network are: Nexelis (Canada) and Public Health England (PHE; UK), VisMederi Srl (Italy), Viroclinics-DDL (The Netherlands), icddr,b (formerly International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh), and Translational Health Sciences and Technological Institute (THSTI, India).Incorrect
Statement 1 is correct. COVAX is the vaccines pillar of the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator
The ACT Accelerator is a ground-breaking global collaboration to accelerate the development, production, and equitable access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines.
COVAX is co-led by Gavi, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and WHO. Its aim is to accelerate the development and manufacture of COVID-19 vaccines, and to guarantee fair and equitable access for every country in the world.
Statement 2 is correct. The international non-profit, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) has launched a ‘Global network of Laboratories for centralized assessment of COVID-19 Vaccines’.
The clinical sample testing laboratories selected for this collaborative vaccine network are: Nexelis (Canada) and Public Health England (PHE; UK), VisMederi Srl (Italy), Viroclinics-DDL (The Netherlands), icddr,b (formerly International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh), and Translational Health Sciences and Technological Institute (THSTI, India). - Question 10 of 10
10. Question
1 pointsCategory: current affairsConsider the following statements regarding the World Habitat Day 2020:
1. The theme for this year is ‘Housing For All — A Better Urban Future’.
2. Indian city of Indore is the host of Global Observance of World Habitat Day 2020.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is correct. In 1985 the United Nations designated the first Monday of October every year as World Habitat Day. The World Habitat Day 2020 theme is Housing For All — A Better Urban Future.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Indonesian city of Surabaya is the host of Global Observance of World Habitat Day 2020.
# The Habitat Scroll of Honour award was launched by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in 1989. The award, a plaque engraved with the name of the winner and their achievement is presented to the winners during the Global Observance of World Habitat Day.Incorrect
Statement 1 is correct. In 1985 the United Nations designated the first Monday of October every year as World Habitat Day. The World Habitat Day 2020 theme is Housing For All — A Better Urban Future.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Indonesian city of Surabaya is the host of Global Observance of World Habitat Day 2020.
# The Habitat Scroll of Honour award was launched by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in 1989. The award, a plaque engraved with the name of the winner and their achievement is presented to the winners during the Global Observance of World Habitat Day.
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