ForumIAS announcing GS Foundation Program for UPSC CSE 2025-26 from 19 April. Click Here for more information.
Source: The post 4Ps of India’s Development Strategy has been created, based on the article “How India has achieved success in national programmes” published in “Indian express” on 19th April 2024.
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2-governance-Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes
News: The article discusses how India’s approach to improving sanitation and public health, known as the Swachh Bharat Mission, has successfully used four key strategies: political leadership, public financing, partnerships, and people’s participation.
What is the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)?
The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) is a significant public health initiative launched by the Indian government, aimed at eliminating open defecation and improving sanitation across the nation:
Massive Scope: Targeted to enhance the lives of over 550 million Indians through the construction of over 100 million toilets.
Behavioral Change: Encouraged a nationwide behavioral shift and public participation in sanitation practices.
For more information on Swachh Bharat Mission read Article 1, Article 2, Article 3
What are the 4Ps of India’s Development Strategy?
India’s development strategy, particularly exemplified by the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), is structured around four key principles known as the 4Ps:
Political Leadership: Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s direct involvement and advocacy were pivotal. He announced the initiative during his first Independence Day speech in 2014, highlighting the urgency of addressing open defecation.
Public Financing: The government invested approximately $20 billion in sanitation. This investment shows a commitment to prioritizing sanitation alongside other national developmental goals.
Partnerships: The SBM collaborated with international organizations like the World Bank, UNICEF, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, alongside local governments and NGOs, demonstrating a multi-stakeholder approach.
People’s Participation: Emphasizing community involvement, the initiative saw mass movements across rural India, with villages striving to become open defecation free through collective local efforts.
Why are India’s 4Ps relevant globally?
The principles of the SBM are now being applied to other critical global challenges, including climate change and pandemics, by the World Bank and other international agencies.
The approach emphasizes the importance of leadership, funding, cooperation, and community involvement in tackling large-scale public issues.
Question for practice:
Discuss how India’s Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) exemplifies the principles of political leadership, public financing, partnerships, and people’s participation.
