9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief – October 9th, 2023
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Mains Oriented Articles
GS PAPER - 1
A census for a new deal
Source: The post is based on the article “A census for a new deal” published in “The Hindu” on 9th October 2023.
Syllabus: GS1 – Salient features of Indian Society
News: The article discusses the role of caste and religion in Indian politics, especially focusing on a caste survey from the Bihar government. This move is viewed as a strategy to navigate political support, while critics label it as a revival of old, divisive politics.
What is the role of caste and religion in Indian politics?
Caste and Religion Significance: Caste and religion have been pivotal in Indian politics for a long time.
Recent Development: The Bihar government released a caste survey, backed by various political parties, aiming to use historical caste structures for new political gains.
Influence on 2024 Elections: This renewed emphasis on caste and religious identity is expected to shape the political dynamics of the upcoming 2024 general elections.
Economic Disparity: Different castes have varying economic statuses. For example, only 5% of upper castes belong to the upper-middle-class segment, compared to 3% of OBCs and 1.4% of Dalits.
What is Mandal 2.0, and how is it different?
Mandal 2.0:
Mandal 2.0 is a modern political strategy that still focuses on caste.
Unlike old caste politics, it also looks at issues of class and economic status.
Address Class Issues:
It aims to help the “precariat,” a group stuck between poverty and middle-class status.
This group includes large portions of OBCs, Dalits, and Muslims.
Mandal 2.0 Different from Old Politics:
Old caste politics, known as “Mandal politics,” was often short-term and focused on electoral gains.
It didn’t make a big impact on things like poverty reduction or power structures.
Mandal 2.0 seeks to create broader political support and address socio-economic inequalities.
It seeks to utilize caste identities and alternative symbolic capital to articulate politics of upward mobility for marginalized groups.
How are political alignments shifting along caste lines?
Shift Towards Larger Caste Platforms:
Political entities, like Jats and Marathas, are moving towards broader caste platforms for more extensive political influence.
The Maratha-Kunbi quota stir, and farmers’ agitation show a trend of caste unification for common causes.
Leaders Supporting New Alliances:
Political figures, such as Sharad Pawar, are endorsing these larger caste coalitions, indicating influential backing.
Lower OBCs Reassessing Affiliations:
Lower OBCs are pondering their stance, weighing the advantages between adopting a ‘Hindu’ platform or an ‘OBC’ platform.
This reflects a strategic reconsideration within these groups regarding their political trajectory.
Impact on Political Strategy:
These adaptations in caste alignments hint at a reshaping of Indian political strategies and associations.
It suggests that different castes are exploring new political affiliations and platforms to better serve their socio-economic goals.
GS PAPER - 2
Why there are so few women in banking
Contents
Source: The post is based on the article “Why there are so few women in banking” published in Business Standard on 9th October 2023.
Syllabus: GS 2 – Issues associated with Women
Relevance: Issues with women’s representation in banking sector in India
News: The article discusses the current state of women’s representation in India, with a specific focus on the banking sector.
India: In the World Economic Forum’s 2023 Global Gender Gap report, India secured the 127th position out of 146 countries in terms of gender parity.
-According to the ILO, in India, as of 2021, 82 percent of women worked in the informal economy, and the gender pay gap stands at 27 percent in 2023.
-The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has found that there is just 24 percent representation of women across all scheduled commercial banks.
-As per the RBI Deputy Governor, India’s women workforce participation is among the lowest in the world, and it is declining.
-As per a study, India has the potential to boost its GDP to $770 billion by 2025 if it provides equal opportunities to women.
Globally: Women now hold 32.4% of senior management positions in mid-market businesses globally, which is a rise of just 1 percentage point in the past one year. According to the WEF, it will take 132 years to close the gender gap globally.
Moreover, in India’s software sector, women have made significant progress, with a 77 percent increase in female employees compared to a 62 percent rise in male employees. However, the same level of progress is not seen in the banking sector.
How have women progressed in the banking sector in India?
After Banks’ Nationalization: After nationalization, it took over three decades for a woman to become the CEO of a commercial bank in India.
Tarjani Vakil achieved this milestone in 1996 at the Export-Import Bank of India, while at the RBI, Kishori J Udeshi became the first woman deputy governor in June 2003.
In the Last Decade: In the last decade, the presence of women in India’s banking sector has increased.
For example, in 2010, women constituted 17% of employees in public sector banks (PSBs), with just 2.7% in executive roles and by 2021, the proportion of women employees in PSBs rose to 27%.
However, there has been minimal change in the number of women working in private and foreign banks.
Gender Balance Index 2023: As per the index, gender imbalance is a concern within the RBI as well. This index reveals that the Asia-Pacific region, particularly in financial institutions, faces significant challenges in achieving gender balance.
As per the index, the region has the second-lowest representation of women in leadership positions in financial institutions globally.
What can be the way ahead?
To attain gender parity, companies should prioritize flexible working options, including extended maternity leave and childcare support, along with hybrid and remote work arrangements.
Such flexibility has been proven to boost women’s presence in senior management.
Furthermore, the rising focus on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) norms is encouraging companies to build diverse leadership teams, as diversity is becoming a key factor to secure capital.
How the Digital India Act will shape the future of the country’s cyber landscape
Contents
Source: This post has been created based on the article “How the Digital India Act will shape the future of the country’s cyber landscape” published in The Hindu on 9th October 2023.
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2 – Governance – Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors.
News: This article discusses the recent announcement of the Digital India Act 2023 (DIA) which aims to address the ever-evolving digital landscape in India. The article highlights its significant provisions and the associated challenges in their implementation.
What was the need of the DIA?
The DIA, which will replace the Information Technology Act of 2000 (IT Act, 2000), is designed to address the challenges and opportunities presented by the dramatic growth of the internet and emerging technologies. Its primary motive is to bring India’s regulatory landscape in sync with the digital revolution of the 21st century.
This digital revolution includes the explosion of India’s internet user base to 850 million.
Changes such as the evolution of the nature of internet usage, the emergence of various intermediaries and the proliferation of new forms of user harm, such as cyberstalking, trolling, and doxing have also occurred.
The DIA recognizes these changes and aims to provide a comprehensive legal framework to address them.
What are the key provisions of DIA?
Firstly, it emphasizes ‘Online safety and trust’ with a commitment to safeguarding citizen’s rights in the digital realm. At the same time, it aims to remain adaptable to shifting market dynamics and international legal principles.
Secondly, it recognizes the importance and provides guidelines for responsible use of “New-Age technologies” such as Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain: It aims to promote ethical AI practices, data privacy in blockchain applications, and mechanisms for accountability.
This ensures a balance between fostering innovation and safeguarding against potential harm.
Thirdly, it upholds the concept of an “Open Internet” (i.e., the internet being free and open to all, and not under the control of any government or organization): It strikes a balance between accessibility and necessary regulation.
Lastly, regarding Accountability of online platforms: It contemplates a review of the “Safe Harbour” principle, which shields platforms from liability related to user-generated content.
What are the various challenges associated with the DIA?
There are certain aspects of DIA that require a critical evaluation. These include:
1) Impact on innovation and the ease of doing business due to stricter regulations, particularly in emerging technologies: This may lead to less investments and entrepreneurship.
2) Impact on the freedom of expression of users due to the review of the “safe harbor” principle: Platforms may adopt a more cautious approach.
3) Challenges with regard to effective enforcement: This will require substantial resources, expertise, and infrastructure.
4) Another challenge is balancing the interests of various stakeholders, including the rights of tech giants as well as citizens.
What should be done?
Therefore, while the DIA is a progressive move, its implementation and potential impacts require constant monitoring and adaptability to avoid unintended consequences.
This forward-looking stance will not only be beneficial for citizens and businesses but also position India as a responsible player in the global technology landscape.
Hangzhou happiness- Indian sportspeople are measuring up to world standards
Source: The post is based on the article “Hangzhou happiness- Indian sportspeople are measuring up to world standards” published in “Business standard” on 9th October 2023.
Syllabus: GS2- Governance- Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Human Resources.
News: The article discusses India’s impressive performance at the Hangzhou Asian Games, highlighting their 107 medal wins across various sports, and noting both achievements and areas of inconsistency.
India’s Performance at the Hangzhou Asian Games
Impressive Medal Count: India secured 107 medals, with a breakdown of 28 gold, 38 silver, and 41 bronze, elevating its rank to fourth from the previous eighth position in 2018.
Top Performers: China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea secured the first, second, and third positions respectively, showcasing their robust sports capabilities in the Asian Games.
Standout in Athletics: Neeraj Chopra grabbed the spotlight by winning gold in javelin throw, while athletics as a whole contributed 29 medals, including six gold.
Triumphant Hockey Team: The men’s hockey team shone brightly, grabbing gold and notably defeating Pakistan with a 10-2 score, avenging past defeats.
Historic Badminton Victory: The duo of Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty bagged the country’s first Asian Games doubles gold in badminton, marking a historic win.
Performance in Other Sports: Despite impressive performances in archery, shooting, and other sports, certain reliable stars in boxing and badminton underperformed, sparking discussions about consistency.
Challenges: India met with challenges like hostile local crowds and unusual refereeing, which added hurdles to their path, yet emerged successfully in various events.
GS PAPER - 3
Beyond the bond market’s message
Contents
Source: The post is based on the article “Beyond the bond market’s message” published in Business Standard on 9th October 2023.
Syllabus: GS 3 – Indian Economy – Growth & Development
Relevance: Economic challenges for India arising from shifts in the US economy.
News: The article discusses ongoing developments in the US economy and their potential implications for India.
What are some of the changes happening in the US economy?
Bond Market: The US bond market has crashed since March 2020, with 10-year and 30-year Treasury bonds losing 46% and 53%, respectively. It resembles the worst stock-market losses in history.
Interest Rates: Initially, there were expectations that the US Federal Reserve would reduce interest rates due to moderated inflation.
However, now the Fed is not inclined to cut rates as long as the US economy remains strong and there might even be a rate hike.
Note: Bond prices and bond yields are inversely correlated, i.e., when bond prices crash, yields go up.
What impact do these economic changes in the US have on India?
When bond yields rise, equity prices fall. This makes equities become less attractive and their prices drop.
As a result, foreign investors have been selling Indian equities in large amounts recently due to increasing US bond yields. The surge in oil prices has further impacted equity markets.
However, unlike the past, where a weak US economy would negatively affect developing markets like India, the situation has changed now. The Indian bond market has been stable due to favorable economic conditions and good fiscal management.
More domestic savings are entering the Indian market through mutual funds and provident funds, countering the selling of bonds by foreign investors.
For example, in August and September, foreign investors sold a net of ~47,300 crore in Indian bonds, but domestic institutional investors bought a net of ~45,300 crore, almost balancing the foreign selling.
What are other concerns for India?
First, the global economy is slowing down, which is a major concern for India. China, Europe, and the US are facing economic challenges. India, which relies heavily on exports, may have its economy affected due to the reduced global demand for its goods. This could also weaken the rupee.
Second, rising oil prices are another major concern for India. Russia and OPEC have cut production, which is driving up prices. Oil prices rose sharply in July-September, and they could rise again due to the conflict between Israel and Palestine.
What can be the course of action?
India’s fiscal condition and ability to fund 10 trillion rupees allocated for infrastructure spending in the 2023-24 Budget will determine the course of its economy and markets.
However, higher borrowing costs, rupee pressure, and lower tax collection could also affect these projects. Hence, it’s crucial to closely monitor these factors as they could impact India’s economic growth.
Building an India for manufacturers
Contents
Source: This post has been created based on the article “Building an India for manufacturers” published in The Indian Express on 9th October 2023.
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 3 Indian Economy — Indian Economy and issues relating to growth, development and employment
News: This article discusses the changing scenario of India’s services sector, its bright prospects and its utility in countering the issues of the manufacturing sector.
India’s services sector is undergoing two major changes which could define the trajectory of the country’s growth. One is fast-evolving services exports to the rest of the world. The second is the rapid transformation of domestic services.
Another exciting development is a sign of these new services rising up the value chain and moving into manufacturing.
What is the changing landscape of India’s services exports?
There has been a rise in India’s services exports due to various reasons:
1) The pandemic-induced “Work From Home” increased the demand for tech capability across firms and led to growth in the IT Services sector.
2) Broadening of both the services provided and the service providers. India is no longer restricted to just call centers or software solution provider. It has moved up the value chain to include services ranging from accounting, legal, HR, business development, design, and R&D.
3) Not just large IT firms, even mid-sized IT firms have been gaining market share and consulting firms are growing their services export.
4) Global Capability Centers (GCCs) of India: India now has the world’s largest share in GCCs.
What are Global Capability Centers (GCCs)?
GCCs have traditionally provided tech and IT support to their parent MNC companies, but have gradually moved up the ladder to higher-value-added services like legal, audit, design and R&D.
Will the boom in the services exports last?
It is possible that the growth in India’s IT services exports slows down over the next few year due to slowing global growth. However, once global growth bottoms out, India’s services exports can begin to grow fast again.
There are several reasons for this:
One, there is a change in attitude about getting work done from “home”.
Two, India has the skilled workforce for a variety of services, ranging from engineering to design. This has become possible due to internet penetration, young and digitally savvy demographics, and improvements in education.
Three, India offers cost-competitiveness.
Finally, India is at a tipping point from which growth in services exports will tend to be even stronger. This is demonstrated by examples of economies whose share in global services exports is much higher than India’s, like USA, UK, Germany, and Ireland.
Reasons behind this include reaching scale which leads to both pull and push factors that lead to even higher growth. Also, many multinationals are increasing their footprint in India.
Additionally, companies have begun increasing the range of services. And some, especially in sectors such as medical equipment, electronics, and precision manufacturing, are even moving into manufacturing.
What is the changing landscape of India’s domestic services?
India has an impressive “Digital Public Infrastructure”.
Tech start-ups are utilizing it using a variety of business models. Over time these startups could move from services into manufacturing and agriculture.
How can service sector companies solve the issues of the manufacturing sector?
The reason behind India’s jobs problem is a slow-moving low- and medium-tech manufacturing sector.
Digital infrastructure can be used to solve problems that small manufacturers face.
Start-ups could help small firms gain access to formal credit, cheaper raw materials, bigger final markets, better warehousing and logistics, and enhanced quality checks. In this way, they are incentivized to expand.
There is also evidence of the “new” domestic services companies moving into manufacturing. For e.g., those in the transport, procurement, and e-commerce sector.
What caused the flood in Sikkim?
Contents
Source: This post has been created based on the article “What caused the flood in Sikkim?” published in The Hindu on 9th October 2023.
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 3 Environment — Environmental pollution and degradation; Disaster and disaster management.
News: This article discusses the causes and consequences of the recent Sikkim Glacier Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) and provides suggestions to mitigate such disasters in the fragile ecology of the Himalayas.
The recent flood in Sikkim as a result of a glacier-lake outburst left more than 25 people dead and many more are still missing.
The voluminous outflow destroyed the Chungthang dam, which is critical to the Teesta 3 hydropower project, and rendered several hydropower projects along the river dysfunctional.
What is a Glacier Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF)?
GLOFs are instances of large lakes formed from the melting of glaciers, suddenly breaking free of their moraines — natural dams that are formed from rock, sediment and other debris.
There are an estimated 7,500 glaciers in the Himalayas and GLOFs have been associated with major disasters through the years. Previous instances of GLOFs include the 1926 Jammu and Kashmir deluge, the 1981 Kinnaur valley floods in Himachal Pradesh and the 2013 Kedarnath outburst in Uttarakhand.
Among the Himalayan States in India, Sikkim has the highest number of glaciers. Climatologists have warned that they could be responsible for GLOFs.
What triggered the Sikkim GLOF event?
There is uncertainty regarding the immediate causes behind the GLOF event.
According to the National Disaster Management Agency, the primary reason for the sudden surge appears to be a likely combination of excess rainfall and a GLOF event.
A huge ice-capped feature is near the lake’s north. There is speculation that heavy rainfall might have tipped the moraine to collapse and triggered the flood.
There is also a suggestion that a series of earthquakes in Nepal on October 3 might have played a role.
However, the inaccessibility of the terrain and the limitations of satellite imagery make it difficult to ascertain the causes with surety.
What was the resulting damage?
The major consequence of the flooding was the destruction of the Chungthang dam.
All bridges downstream to the Teesta-V hydropower station were submerged or washed out, disrupting communication. All connecting roads to the project sites as well as parts of the residential colony have been severely damaged.
Heavy siltation due to the floodwaters kept hydropower projects in downstream West Bengal shut.
The flood also destroyed bridges, water pipelines, sewage lines and houses.
Are such events likely in the future?
Several studies have warned of both the frequency and severity of GLOF events in the Himalayas increasing exponentially in the future.
This is more so because the Himalayan ecosystem is the most fragile in the world and any disruption in managing these resources will have a problematic outcome.
The fragility of the Himalayan ecosystem is also being disturbed through hydropower and other dams.
Rising temperatures are leading to a wetter future and contributing to climate change-led extreme events. GLOF is an outcome of warming of the region.
What should be done?
Greater care in planning and executing dam and other infrastructure projects is required due to the risk of GLOF-like events.
GLOF events can be anticipated as we can monitor changes in the size of lakes. Hence, “Early Warning Systems” (EWS) are implementable.
This would require a coordinated approach such as multiple agencies promptly sharing satellite images (that are trained towards the Himalayas) and a network of sensors to provide adequate warning.
Revisiting the rail gauge debate
Contents
Source: This post has been created based on the article “Revisiting the rail gauge debate” published in The Hindu on 9th October 2023.
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 3 Indian Economy — Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways, etc.
News: This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the Broad-Gauge railway network vis-à-vis the Standard Gauge railway network.
What is the current status of railway gauge in India?
The predominant railway network in India is Broad Gauge (BG) with a width of 1.676 metres.
However, the rapid rail transport system (RRTS) in Delhi, the high-speed rail line between Mumbai and Ahmedabad, and various metro rail systems are being made on Standard Gauge (SG) of 1.435 m width.
India followed a uni-gauge policy since the 1990s and almost all the routes were converted to BG.
However, by the end of the 20th century, a Cabinet resolution left the decision on the choice of gauge to individual State governments.
The Standard Gauge was also endorsed by E. Sreedharan, then Managing Director (MD) of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation, and thereafter began to be used more often in the country.
What are the arguments in Favour of Standard Gauge (SG) and their criticism?
1) The most prominent factor in favor of SG is its universality, i.e., most metro rail networks are based on SG.
However, metro rail systems in a number of cities and countries run on other gauges too.
2) It is also argued that the SG requires less space.
However, since most metro rail systems today are built on elevated structures, the land required for pillars on roads for both SG and BG is the same.
3) Another argument in favour of SG is the availability of the latest technology for coach design as it is the prevalent system in developed countries.
However, this argument doesn’t hold now as India has its own indigenous semi-high-speed train designs (such as the Vande Bharat series).
4) Another argument is the cost of the project since SG is assumed to be a cheaper system.
However, as per an assessment, the BG system will be cheaper by around 10% per unit capacity compared to SG.
What are the arguments Against Broad Gauge (BG) and their criticism?
One objection to BG is the higher turning radius with a consequent reduction in speed and throughput (i.e. the number of trains that can pass through in unit time).
However, the additional time taken on BG would be negligible (between 1.5%-3%) since speed restrictions are confined to curves, which are a small part of the total route.
Similarly, throughput would be similar for both. This is because throughput depends on the minimum time gap permitted between two successive trains. This is based on braking distance and acceleration which depend on the train design and not the gauge.
What is the main argument in Favour of the BG?
The most important argument concerns the integration of new rail networks with the existing ones which carry 8 billion passengers annually.
Integrating the two networks will help passengers and cargo move seamlessly. Such a flexible system would also be helpful in situations of emergency.
What should be done?
Taking into account the above factors, the government should re-examine the issue with a view to building all future rail systems in BG. This will prevent the creation of incompatible islands of the new rail networks amidst the existing ones.
With food inflation limited to dal roti, why govt policy may need changes
Source: The post is based on the article “With food inflation limited to dal roti, why govt policy may need changes” published in “Indian express” on 9th October 2023.
Syllabus: GS 3 – Indian Economy- inflation
News: The article discusses rising food prices in India, particularly in cereals and pulses, and how this inflation is a concern for the Reserve Bank of India and the government, especially with upcoming elections. It also explores the issues in the vegetable oil and milk sectors, suggesting a balanced approach to manage inflation and support both consumers and producers might be needed.
Why is the Reserve Bank of India worried?
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is worried due to rising food prices.
Overall retail inflation is at 6.8%, exceeding RBI’s target of 4% and the upper tolerance of 6%.
Notably, prices of cereals and pulses, staple foods in India, have surged to 11.9% and 13% respectively in August.
These inflation issues come at a sensitive time with national elections scheduled in six months.
What’s the issue with inflation in India?
Rising Food Prices: Food prices in India have surged, showing a 9.9% increase year-on-year in August. Key staples like cereals have spiked by 11.9% and pulses by 13% during the same period.
Vegetable Price Fluctuations: Inflation was very high for vegetables, with tomatoes showing a drastic inflation rate of 202.1% in July. However, tomato prices have eased, now being Rs 20 per kg, down from Rs 130 two months ago.
General Retail Inflation: Overall retail inflation is notably higher than the upper tolerance of 6%. This rise in inflation is particularly concerning as national elections are approaching in six months.
What should be done?
Balancing Consumer and Producer Interests: The government needs to ensure food prices do not spiral, especially with the national elections just six months away.
There’s a need to balance between maintaining lower prices for consumers and ensuring producers are not adversely affected.
Addressing Vegetable Oils Issue: With soyabean trading below the government’s minimum support price, despite a good crop, there’s pressure to raise the import duty on vegetable oils.
Navigating Milk Sector Challenges: After prices soared in the milk industry during a shortage, there is now a surplus due to increased production. Ensuring dairy farmers are not adversely impacted by the drop in prices for products like ghee will be crucial.
Our inflation fight calls for a fiscal pullback too
Source: The post is based on the article “Our inflation fight calls for a fiscal pullback too” published in “Live mint” on 9th October 2023.
Syllabus: GS3- Economy- inflation
News: The article discusses the Reserve Bank of India’s strategies under Governor Shaktikanta Das to control inflation, keeping it at 4%, and its impact on the market, amid challenges like volatile global crude oil prices and geopolitical instability.
What is the RBI’s current stance on inflation?
Clear Target: RBI, under Governor Das, is aiming to achieve a 4% inflation rate, making it a clear, defined goal.
Recent Inflation Data: The retail inflation was slightly troublesome at 6.8% in August, and RBI is focused on bringing it down.
Unchanged Repo Rate: The repo rate is kept steady at 6.5% to maintain a consistent policy.
Selling Government Bonds: RBI plans to sell government bonds in the open market as a strategy to manage monetary conditions and indirectly control inflation.
What challenges does the RBI face in controlling inflation?
Volatile Oil Prices: The conflict in West Asia is causing global oil prices to fluctuate, which can impact India’s inflation.
Geopolitical Instability: Events like the unrest in West Asia create uncertainty and can affect various economic factors, complicating inflation management.
Fiscal Policy Decisions: The government’s spending and fiscal policies, especially with the goal to reduce its budget deficit to 4.5% of GDP by 2025-26, will influence inflation and RBI’s strategies.
Upcoming Elections: With general elections scheduled in 2024, there could be shifts in governmental spending, which could disrupt RBI’s efforts in controlling inflation.
Global Economic Conditions: U.S. short-term bonds now yield 5%, and such global economic variables might influence the Indian financial market, presenting additional hurdles for RBI’s inflation management.
Prelims Oriented Articles (Factly)
Udangudi Panangarupatti gets GI tag
Source: The post is based on the article “Udangudi Panangarupatti gets GI tag” published in “The Hindu” on 9th October 2023
What is the News?
Udangudi ‘Panangkarupatti’ from Tamil Nadu has received a Geographical Indication (GI) Tag.
What is Udangudi Panangkarupatti?
Udangudi Panangkarupatti is also referred to as palm jaggery.
It is prepared using the palm sap collected from the inflorescence of palmyra trees that grow on the red sand dunes in and around the Tiruchendur region in Tamil Nadu.
Uniqueness of Udangudi Panangkarupatti:
Firstly, the palm jaggery preparation procedure in this area is traditional till date without inclusion of any additional modern strategies.
— Triple super phosphate and phosphoric acid are used in many other areas, but no such chemical additives are used in Udangudi Panangkarupatti.
Secondly, the jaggery prepared from the palm sap from the region is unique due to the presence of red sand dune soil found in the region.
— This soil holds less groundwater. The moisture content in the atmosphere is less because of the dry climatic condition which leads to high sucrose content, in turn adding taste.
Army concludes 70 schemes under EP-4 worth ₹11,000 crore
Source: The post is based on the article “Army concludes 70 schemes under EP-4 worth ₹11,000 crore” published in “The Hindu” on 9th October 2023
What is the News?
The Indian Army and Air Force have completed the fourth phase of Emergency Procurements (EP) with the Army finalizing over 70 schemes worth nearly ₹11,000 crore and the Indian Air Force concluding 64 contracts worth around ₹8,137 crore.
What are Indian Armed Forces Emergency Procurement Powers?
Emergency Procurement Powers were granted to the Armed Forces by the Defence Ministry for the first time after the 2016 Uri terror attack, followed by the 2019 Balakot air strikes and the 2020 standoff with China in Eastern Ladakh.
Under this, the armed forces could procure weapons systems up to ₹300 crore on an urgent basis without any further clearance to cut short the procurement cycle.
These emergency procurements have to be completed within 12 months as per the Defence Ministry’s stipulations.
The armed forces are currently executing the fourth phase of the Emergency Procurements (EP).
What is the significance of these Emergency Procurements by these armed forces?
Emergency Procurements(EP) have not only ensured swift procurement but also led to cost savings primarily through procurement from the domestic defense industry.
Notably, about 50% of contracts in the first three tranches were awarded to domestic vendors, highlighting the increasing capability of the domestic defense industry
The major upgrades facilitated through the EP mechanism include various defense equipment, surveillance systems, UAVs, communication systems and more contributing to bolstering India’s defense capabilities.
PM releases commemorative coin and stamp on 500th birth anniversary of Veerangana Rani Durgavati
Source: The post is based on the article “PM releases commemorative coin and stamp on 500th birth anniversary of Veerangana Rani Durgavati” published in “PIB” on 9th October 2023
What is the News?
The Prime Minister performed bhoomi poojan of ‘Veerangana Rani Durgavati Smarak aur Udyaan‘ during the 500th birth anniversary of Rani Durgavati.
Who is Rani Durgavati?
Rani Durgavati (1524 – 1564) was the ruling Queen of Gondwana from 1550 until 1564.She was born in Mahoba’s Chandela dynasty.
She is chiefly remembered for defending her kingdom against the Mughal Empire.
She was married to Dalpat Shah, the son of the Gond King Sangram Shah of the kingdom of Garha-Katanga.This kingdom is noted as one of the most powerful kingdoms of the Gond tribe.
However, Dalpat Shah died in 1550 and due to the young age of their son, Durgavati took the reins of the Gondwana kingdom.
War with Mughals: In 1562, Akbar conquered Malwa and made it a Mughal dominion.Consequently, the state boundary of the Rani touched the Mughal Empire.
– Rani’s contemporary was a Mughal General, Khwaja Abdul Majid Asaf Khan.The prosperity of Rani Durgavati’s state lured him, and he invaded Rani’s state after taking permission from the Mughal emperor Akbar.
– When Rani heard about the attack, she decided to defend her kingdom with all her might. She maintained that it was better to die respectfully than to live a disgraceful life.
– However, soon the Mughals fortified the area and overwhelmed the Gonds. While fighting them in battle, she is believed to have stabbed herself with her dagger to not surrender to the Mughal forces.
Recognitions and Honors: In 1983, the Government of Madhya Pradesh renamed the University of Jabalpur as Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya in her memory.
– The government of India issued a postal stamp commemorating her death on 24 June 1988.
– The train between Jabalpur Junction and Jammutawi is known as Durgavati Express after the name of the Queen.
– Indian Coast Guard in 2018 commissioned ICGS Rani Durgavati, the third Inshore Patrol Vessel (IPV) of its kind.
Recommendations of 52nd GST Council Meeting
Source: The post is based on the article “Recommendations of 52nd GST Council Meeting” published in “PIB” on 9th October 2023
What is the News?
The 52nd GST Council met under the Chairpersonship of the Union Minister for Finance.
What is the GST Council?
Goods and Services Tax regime came into force after the Constitutional (122nd Amendment) Bill was passed by both Houses of Parliament in 2016.
The GST Council is a joint forum of the Centre and the states.It was set up by the President as per Article 279A (1) of the amended Constitution.
Purpose: The council is meant to make recommendations to the Union and the states on important issues related to GST, like the goods and services that may be subjected or exempted from GST, model GST Laws.It also decides on various rate slabs of GST.
Members: The members of the Council include the Union Finance Minister (chairperson), the Union Minister of State (Finance) from the Centre.Each state can nominate a minister in-charge of finance or taxation or any other minister as a member.
Decisions: The council is devised in such a way that the Union Government has 1/3rd voting power and the States have 2/3rd. The decisions are taken by the 3/4th majority.
What are the key takeaways from the 52nd GST Council meeting?
The council recommended that Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA), used for manufacture of alcoholic liquor for consumption be kept outside the GST ambit.
It clarified that the GST rate for corporate guarantees provided by a parent company to its subsidiaries will be levied at 18 per cent.
Millet flour in powder form, containing at least 70% millet by weight will not attract any GST if sold loose, but will face 5% levy if sold in pre-packaged, labeled form.
States also raised the issue of how the cess will continue under GST once it comes to an end in March 2026.Currently, cess is being used to pay off the borrowed amount meant to compensate states during the initial five-year period of GST which ended June 2022.
Territorial Army hires Chinese language interpreters, to induct cyber security experts next
Source: The post is based on the article “Territorial Army hires Chinese language interpreters, to induct cyber security experts next” published in “Indian Express” on 9th October 2023
What is the News?
The Territorial Army(TA) is recruiting Chinese language interpreters for border personnel meetings (BPM) and cyber security experts to support the Army.
What is Territorial Army(TA)?
Indian Territorial Army is an auxiliary military organization of the Indian Army.
It is a voluntary, part-time civilian force that receives military training and serves as a reserve force for the army to relieve it of static duties, to aid the civil power and to provide units for the regular Army as and when required.
Origin: The origins of India’s Territorial Army can be traced to the days of the British Raj when the British raised a territorial army through the Indian Territorial Act, 1920.
– This act divided the army into two parts — the Auxiliary Force and the Indian Territorial Force.The Auxiliary force was meant for the Europeans and Anglo-Indians, the Indian Territorial Force was for the Indians.
– Post-independence, the Territorial Army Act, 1948, was passed, resulting in the formation of the current Indian Territorial Army. The Army was inaugurated by C. Rajagopalachari in 1949.
Eligibility: Any citizen between the age of 18-42 can be a part of the TA service.
– The soldiers from the TA have to complete a mandatory two-month embodiment or service period in a year.It does not provide them a full-time career.They have the option of returning to civilian life after the two months.
Functions performed by TA: The primary role of the TA is to relieve the regular army from static duties such as road security and protection of communication lines.
– TA units are made available to the regular army as needed for specific tasks, such as aiding civil authorities during disasters or maintaining essential services.
– TA units also play a crucial role in protecting border infrastructure projects in sensitive areas, as well as railway projects in the northeast connecting Manipur and Nagaland.
– They are also involved in maintaining anti-infiltration obstacle systems along the Line of Control.
– In times of crisis, TA units can be called upon to support additional forces, as seen in the ongoing situation in Manipur.
– Ministries and state governments also frequently request the raising of TA units for various purposes, including plantation drives, petroleum supply, oil exploration and safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Sagar Parikrama: A successful journey towards resolving issues of fishers on ground
Source: The post is based on the article “Sagar Parikrama: A successful journey towards resolving issues of fishers on ground” published in “PIB” on 9th October 2023
What is the News?
The Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying is undertaking a massive fishers and fish farmers outreach program namely Sagar Parikrama Yatra.
What is Sagar Parikrama?
Sagar Parikrama is an outreach program intended to reach out to the fishermen community across the entire coastal belt of the country.
It is being undertaken since March 2022 through a pre-decided sea route from Gujarat to West Bengal covering around 8000 km of India’s coastline.
Objectives:
– To facilitate interaction with fishermen, coastal communities and stakeholders so as to disseminate information of various fisheries related schemes and programs being implemented by the Government;
– demonstrating solidarity with all fisher folk, fish farmers and concerned stakeholder as a spirit of Atma Nirbhar Bharat;
– to promote responsible fisheries with focus on sustainable balance between the utilization of marine fisheries resources for food security of nation and livelihoods of coastal fisher communities and
– protection of marine ecosystems.
Significance: The fishermen, fisher communities and stakeholders in the coastal areas are likely to be benefitted with awareness of various beneficiary oriented schemes and programs being implemented by the Government and showcasing them the best practices that may be adopted.
India and Saudi Arabia sign MoU in Electrical Interconnections, Green / Clean Hydrogen and Supply Chains
Contents
Source: The post is based on the article “India and Saudi Arabia sign MoU in Electrical Interconnections, Green / Clean Hydrogen and Supply Chains” published in “PIB” on 9th October 2023
What is the News?
India and Saudi Arabia have signed a Memorandum of Understanding in the fields of Electrical Interconnections, Green / Clean Hydrogen and Supply Chains.
What is the purpose of the MoU signed between India and Saudi Arabia?
The MoU aims to establish a general framework for cooperation between the two countries in the field of electrical interconnection; exchange of electricity during peak times and emergencies; co-development of projects and co-production of green / clean hydrogen and renewable energy.
What is the Middle East and North Africa(MENA) Climate Week 2023?
MENA Climate Week 2023 is being held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.It aims to discuss climate solutions ahead of COP28.
It also had a session on “Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement (GST)”.
What is the Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement (GST)?
The global stocktake was established under Article 14 of the Paris Agreement.
It is a process for countries and stakeholders to see where they’re collectively making progress towards meeting the goals of the Paris Climate Change Agreement – and where they’re not.
It is done in a comprehensive and facilitative manner, considering mitigation, adaptation and the means of implementation and support and in the light of equity and the best available science.
The stocktake takes place every five years.The first GST started in Glasgow in 2021 and will conclude at the climate change conference in Dubai, UAE (at COP 28).
The outcome of the GST shall inform Parties in updating and enhancing, in a nationally determined manner, their action and support, as well as in enhancing international cooperation for climate action.
PATA and India to jointly promote Travel for LiFE in Asia-Pacific region
Source: The post is based on the article “PATA and India to jointly promote Travel for LiFE in Asia-Pacific region” published in “PIB” on 9th October 2023
What is the News?
Pacific Asia Travel Association(PATA) will work with India to expand the Travel for LiFE initiative across the Asia Pacific region.
The Ministry of Tourism will set up a PATA desk to strengthen engagement with PATA on Travel for LiFE and other areas of cooperation in the tourism sector.This is the first major international partnership for the Travel for Life program.
What is Travel for LiFE Initiative?
‘Travel for LiFE’ is a sectoral program under Mission LiFE targeted towards the tourism sector.
Launched on: September 27, 2023 on World Tourism Day.
Launched by: Ministry of Tourism in partnership with the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), and the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP).
The initiative embodies the ethos of “Pro Planet People” and operates on the fundamental principles of living “Lifestyle of the planet, for the planet, and by the planet”.
Aims: To bring about significant behavioral changes in both tourists and tourism businesses, with a strong emphasis on environmental protection and socio-cultural sustainability.
Themes: The program covers eight core themes including energy conservation, water preservation, reducing single-use plastic, waste reduction, supporting local businesses and communities, respecting local culture and heritage, consuming local foods, and preserving nature.
Certification: The initiative also goes beyond raising awareness.It encourages tourism businesses to adopt sustainable practices and earn certification at bronze, silver, and gold levels within the program.
Significance: Travel for LiFE Program will position India as leader in promoting sustainable and responsible tourism and using tourism as a vehicle for achieving Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
What is the Pacific Asia Travel Association(PATA)?
Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) was founded in 1951.It is a not-for-profit membership-based association that acts as a catalyst for the responsible development of travel and tourism to, from and within the Asia Pacific region.
Prey base, habitat dictate Asiatic wild dog-tiger coexistence: study
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Source: The post is based on the article “Prey base, habitat dictate Asiatic wild dog-tiger coexistence: study” published in “The Hindu” on 9th October 2023
What is the News?
A recent study in Manas National Park in Assam has found that dholes (Asiatic wild dogs) and tigers may have a positive association due to overlapping prey availability of suitable habitats.
What is the study conducted on Dholes?
A study was conducted titled ‘Do dholes segregate themselves from their sympatrids? Habitat use and carnivore co-existence in the tropical forest’.
– Sympatric refers to animals, plant species, and populations within the same or overlapping geographical areas.
The study aimed to assess the relative abundance index, habitat use, and factors influencing dhole co-existence with other sympatric carnivores in Manas National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
– Note: Manas National Park in Assam and the adjoining Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan form one of the largest areas of conservation significance in South Asia representing the full range of habitats from the subtropical plains to the alpine zone.The range of habitats in the cross-border national park is ideal for the dholes.
What are the key findings of the study?
The study found a positive relationship between dhole habitat use and tigers challenging the assumption of antagonistic interactions between the two species.
The positive association could be attributed to overlapping prey availability or habitat suitability, suggesting the possibility of co-existence or cooperative behaviors between dholes and tigers.
Significance of this study: The study highlights the importance of good habitats and forests, such as Manas National Park, as wildlife mega-cities or hotspots that provide various niches and possibilities.
– Any disruption to such ecological balance could have far-reaching consequences.
What is Dhole?
Dhole (Cuon alpinus) is a wild carnivorous animal and is a member of the family Canidae and the class Mammalia.They are also known as Asian wild dogs.
Historically, dholes purportedly occurred throughout southern Russia all across central Asia, south Asia and southeast Asia.
But recent research and current distribution maps indicate that they are restricted to south and southeast Asia with the northernmost populations in China.
In India, Dholes are found in three clusters namely the Western and Eastern Ghats, central Indian landscape and North East India.
According to a 2020 study, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh rank high in conservation of dhole.
IUCN Status: Endangered
CITES: Appendix II
Wildlife Protection Act: Schedule II