The Charter Act of 1813: In England, the business interests were pressing for an end to the Company’s monopoly over trade in India because of a spirit of laissez-faire and the continental system by Napoleon by which the European ports were closed for Britain.  

The 1813 Act sought to redress these grievances – The Company’s monopoly over trade in India ended, but the Company retained the trade with China and the trade in tea. 

The Charter Act of 1833: The lease of 20 years to the Company was further extended. Territories of India were to be governed in the name of the Crown. 

• The Company’s monopoly over trade with China and in tea also ended. 
• All restrictions on European immigration and the acquisition of property in India were lifted. Thus, the way was paved for the wholesale European colonisation of India. 
• A law member was added to the governor-general’s council for professional advice on law-making. 
• Indian laws were to be codified and consolidated. 

• No Indian citizen was to be denied employment under the Company on the basis of religion, colour, birth, descent, etc. (Although the reality was different, this declaration formed the sheet-anchor of political agitation in India.) 
• The administration was urged to take steps to ameliorate the conditions of slaves and to ultimately abolish slavery. (Slavery was abolished in 1843.) 

Source: Spectrum’s A Brief History of Modern India.