Q. Consider the following statements regarding the “Indian Ocean Dipole”:
1. It is also known as Indian Nino.
2. It affects the strength of monsoons over the Indian subcontinent.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

[A] 1 only

[B] 2 only

[C] Both 1 and 2

[D] Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: C
Notes:

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), also known as the Indian Niño, is an irregular oscillation of sea-surface temperatures in which the western Indian Ocean becomes alternately warmer (positive phase) and then colder (negative phase) than the eastern part of the ocean.  

  • The IOD involves a periodic oscillation of sea-surface temperatures (SST), between “positive”, “neutral” and “negative” phases.  
  • The IOD also affects the strength of monsoons over the Indian subcontinent.  
  • The IOD is one aspect of the general cycle of global climate, interacting with similar phenomena like the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean. 

Source: G C Leong and The Hindu 

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