Explanation:

• Archaeologists have found evidence of a ploughed field at Kalibangan (Rajasthan), associated with Early Harappan levels.
• Agricultural technologies: While the prevalence of agriculture is indicated by finds of grain, it is more difficult to reconstruct actual agricultural practices.
• Representations on seals and terracotta sculpture indicate that the bull was known, and archaeologists extrapolate from this that oxen were used for ploughing.
• Moreover, terracotta models of the plough have been found at sites in Cholistan and at Banawali (Haryana).
• The field had two sets of furrows at right angles to each other, suggesting that two different crops were grown together.
• Citadel and Lower town were physically separated from each other.
• The settlement is divided into two sections, one smaller but higher and the other much larger but lower.
• Archaeologists designate these as the Citadel and the Lower Town respectively. The Citadel owes its height to the fact that buildings were constructed on mud brick platforms. It was walled, which meant that it was physically separated from the Lower Town.
• The Lower Town was also walled. Several buildings were built on platforms, which served as foundations.
• It has been calculated that if one labourer moved roughly a cubic metre of earth daily, just to put the foundations in place it would have required four million person-days, in other words, mobilising labour on a very large scale.

Domestic architecture:

• The Lower Town at Mohenjodaro provides examples of residential buildings. Many were centred on a courtyard, with rooms on all sides.
• The courtyard was probably the centre of activities such as cooking and weaving, particularly during hot and dry weather.
• What is also interesting is an apparent concern for privacy: there are no windows in the walls along the ground level.
• Every house had its own bathroom paved with bricks, with drains connected through the wall to the street drains.
• Some houses have remains of staircases to reach a second storey or the roof. Many houses had wells, often in a room that could be reached from the outside and perhaps used by passers-by.

Source: Themes in Indian History