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Source: The post is based on the article “A new mission for quantum computers, and what it means for India” published in Indian Express on 25th April 2023
What is the News?
Recently, the Union Cabinet has approved the ₹6,003 crore National Quantum Mission (NQM).
What are Quantum Computers?
Properties of Quantum Computers:
Superposition‘ meaning they can exist in multiple states (both 0,1 at the same time) at the same time. It is unlike classical computers where information is processed in ‘bits’ or 1s and 0s, following classical physics.
‘Entanglement‘ where two or more particles are inextricably linked and mirror each other exactly, even when separated by great physical distance.
Firstly, Quantum computers are highly prone to interference that leads to errors in quantum algorithms running on it. Thus it can give erroneous results. Scientists are working to improve accuracy e.g., Google has announced plans to have fault-tolerant quantum-computing hardware by 2030
Secondly, most quantum computers cannot function without being super-cooled to a little above absolute zero since heat generates error or noise in qubits. Expanding quantum computing will increase ecological footprint.
What is the National Quantum Mission (NQM)?
Significance: Work on quantum technologies has been going on in India for the past 10 years, more vigorously in the last four-five years whereas groups in some other countries have been working for close to three decades.We have some catching up to do, but this mission will help us do that.
Several scientific groups in the country are already working on quantum computers and related technologies.
For instance, a collaborative effort of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is developing a 7-qubit quantum computer.
