Tragedy in Sikkim- The catastrophe underlines big dam weaknesses

Source: The post is based on the article “Tragedy in Sikkim- The catastrophe underlines big dam weaknesses” published in “Business standard” on 10th October 2023.

Syllabus: GS3- Ecology and environment & disaster management

News: The article discusses the dangers and issues associated with big dams in India, particularly in the Himalayas. It connects recent flooding tragedies to factors such as climate change, poor dam management, and inadequate disaster communication. The article highlights the urgency of reevaluating dam policies and practices in light of the growing and unpredictable environmental threats.

What are the problems with big dams in the Himalayas?

Sikkim Disaster: A glacial lake in Sikkim burst, causing damage to the Teesta-III hydropower project and resulting in over 82 deaths. This tragedy showcased the dangers of dams when hit by unexpected natural events.

Disruption of Ecosystem: Hydropower projects in the Himalayas, like those on the Teesta, disturb the region’s delicate ecosystem. This can be worsened by poor engineering practices and the dumping of construction waste into river beds, which blocks natural drainage channels.

Climate Change Threat: The Himalayas are experiencing unpredictable and intense rainfall due to changing climate patterns. This increases risks such as glacial lake outburst floods (Glofs).

Concerns Raised: Local activists have long warned about the environmental and safety issues of the Teesta’s extensive damming. The recent catastrophe validates their concerns, emphasizing the need for caution and better dam management.

What should be done?

Review Policies: There is an urgent need to revise big dam management policies in light of the repeated tragedies and the evident impacts of climate change, ensuring that safety and environmental conservation are prioritized.

Improve Coordination: Better communication and coordination between dam management systems and meteorological departments are crucial. The use of available satellite imagery and data to predict and manage potential glacial lake outburst floods (Glofs) and heavy rainfalls can mitigate damage and save lives.

Prioritize Safe Engineering: Ensuring that all hydropower projects, including the 47 along the Teesta, adhere to safe engineering norms and sustainable practices, can protect the fragile Himalayan ecosystem and prevent further disasters.

Effective Communication: Timely and effective communication of potential threats downstream to allow for evacuation and preparation can significantly reduce the impact on communities and save lives in future incidents.