Mxenes

Source-This post on Mxenes  has been created based on the article “MXene-coated devices can guide microwaves in space and lighten the payload” published in PHY.ORG on 7 February 2024.

Why in the news?

Researchers have recently reported on the potential of using MXene coatings that can   lighten satellite payloads.

About Mxene

Introduction-1) MXenes are an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) ceramic nanomaterials that were first discovered in 2011.

2) MXenes uniquely combine metallic conductivity, hydrophilic surfaces, and excellent mechanical properties.

Composition-1) They are made from a bulk crystal called MAX.

2) They have the general formula of Mn+1XnTx, where M is an early transition metal, X is carbon and/or nitrogen, and T is a functional group on the surface of an MXene (typically O, OH, and F).

3) Among its various types , titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) is the most widely used.

Salient properties of Mxene

1) High electrical conductivity (6,000 – 8,000 S/cm)

2) Hydrophilic and clay-like surface terminating layers

3) Very high volumetric capacitance (>900 F cm−3)

4) Broad optical absorption from UV to NIR

5) Excellent mechanical properties

6) This unique combination is not found in other 2D materials.Example: Graphene lacks surface functionalization, while other ceramic 2D materials have poor electrical conductivity.

Application of Mxene

1) Energy Storage-They are used in storing energy.For example-Batteries (Li-ion, Li-S, Al-ion), Supercapacitors and Hydrogen storage.

2) Electromagnetic Shielding-Radar absorption and 5G communication.

3) Water Purification-Desalination membranes,Selective separation and Selective separation.

4) Composites-Polymer reinforcement and Ceramic matrix composites.

UPSC Syllabus-Science & technology.