Explanation –

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. An ultracold atom is an atom with a temperature near absolute zero. At low temperatures near absolute zero, atoms behave according to the principles of quantum mechanics rather than classical physics. The commonly used techniques for the study of ultracold atoms is by deploying magneto-optical traps with high-power laser cooling techniques. Cold atoms of elements like sodium, potassium, rubidium are commonly studied. Detection techniques like the fluorescence, absorption or phase-contrast imaging techniques are used. The imaging through fluorescence or absorption techniques are widely used. The Future Circular Collider (FCC) is a particle accelerator currently under design, intended to accommodate the next generation of particle colliders. The FCC aims to design a hadron collider with a center-of-mass energy of about 100 TeV (trillion electron volts), which is eight times more powerful than the Large Hadron Collider’s 13 TeV. The FCC aims to build upon the ongoing research at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It will enhance our understanding of fundamental physics. It will foster advancements in fields such as cryogenics, superconductivity, vacuum tech, and detector instruments.

Source: Forum IAS