Explanation –

Statement 1 is correct. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a freshwater aquatic plant that is characterized by its purple flowers. The plant has broad, glossy green leaves and produces clusters of flowers on a single stalk. Water hyacinths are native to the Amazon Basin in South America but have been introduced to various parts of the world, where they often become invasive.

Statements 2 and 3 are incorrect. The rapid growth of water hyacinth can actually decrease water clarity. When water hyacinth populations explode, the dense mats they form on the water’s surface can block sunlight penetration, preventing photosynthesis in submerged aquatic plants. This can lead to decreased oxygen levels in the water, which can negatively impact aquatic life and contribute to the decline of water clarity. Additionally, as water hyacinths die and decompose, the decomposition process can release nutrients and organic matter into the water, further reducing water clarity. Water hyacinth is a tropical plant and thrives in warm climates. It prefers water temperatures between 20°C and 30°C and grows best in areas with high nutrient levels and abundant sunlight.

Source: The Hindu