Explanation: Cold regions with high rainfall, strong seasonal climates with long winters and short summers are characterized by boreal coniferous forest.

• Boreal forest soils are characterized by thin podzols and are rather poor.
• Both because the weathering of rocks proceeds slowly in cold environments and because the litter derived from conifer needle (leaf) is decomposed very slowly and is not rich in nutrients.
• The productivity and community stability of a boreal forest are lower than those of any other forest ecosystem.

Source: Shankar IAS